130 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA (ETH. ANN. 28 
A ring-shaped stone was probably used in a game. It is not unlike 
one described and figured by Doctor Russell.t Of the use of such 
stones he is doubtful, but says: ; 
A few rings of porous lava have been found about the ruins which have been 
called ‘‘ head rings’’ because of their resemblance to the ordinary head rings of .cloth 
or bark in common use among the Pimas. . . . However, as most of them are too 
small and the material is extremely unsuited for such a purpose, it is much more proba- 
ble that they were employed in some game with which the present race is unacquainted. 
Medicine stones —The Arizona Indians, especially the Hopi, make 
use of a variety of stones in their medicine ceremonies; these differ 
in shape, color, and degree of hardness, properties considered im- 
portant by the priests. To this category belong rock crystals, botry- 
oidal stones employed in treating disease or by sun priests in rain 
ceremonies. Any strangely formed stone, as agatized wood, a fossil 
or concretion, a fragment of lava, was regarded, no doubt, by the 
priests of Casa Grande as efficacious in 
sacred rites. 
Crystals of quartz (pl. 67, a) are prized 
by many of the Southwestern tribes for 
medicinal purposes. These crystals are 
found in several ruins in northern Ari- 
zona, where they had, no doubt, the same 
significance. Numerous quartz crystals 
were found at Casa Grande. It is 
known from legends of the Pima as well 
Fic. 32. Perforated stone disk usedin 2S from Pueblo traditions that such 
game. crystals were employed in the practice 
of medicine; specimens have been found in fetish bags of the dead. 
Pigments.—From their constant use in ceremonial proceedings, 
stones and minerals suitable for pigments are highly prized by all 
Indians. The same pigments were employed by the natives of Casa 
Grande as by the northern Pueblos. The most common of these 
appear to have been various oxides of iron, carbonates of copper, 
black shale, and gypsum. These were prepared by grinding, in 
much the same way as the Pueblos prepare their paint materials. 
A medicine outfit containing several different pigments was found 
with what is herein described as a priest’s skeleton, in a room in the 
northwest corner of Compound A. 
Arrow-heads and spear-points.—The author has seen a considerable 
collection of fine arrow-heads picked up at Casa Grande. These 
objects differ in no respect from other arrow-heads found throughout 
the Southwest. Most of them were gathered from the surface of the 
ground and may have been dropped by those who built the Casa 
Grande compounds or by other people. 
1 Twenty-sizth Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol., p. 181. 
