FOWKnS] MINOR ANTIQUITIES 135 
It seems to have been a universal custom among the people of the 
Gila compounds, as among those elsewhere in the Southwest, to make 
animal images for 
7 3 : Spain, a Se 
sacred or secular : y YT: 
use. Theseobjects 
may have served 
at times as play- 
things but often 
may have had a 
ceremonial use, for 
it is probable that 
they were manu- 
factured to deposit 
in shrines, thus 
serving as prayers 
for the increase of 
the animals they represent, just as a few years ago (possibly to-day 
also) the Hopi deposited in the corner of their sheep corrals clay imi- 
tations of sheep and in certain shrines wooden eagle eggs.! These 
effigies may be classed as prayer objects, to the use of which in Hopi 
ceremonies attention has been drawn else- 
where. 
The prayer -objects are not regarded as 
symbolic representations of sacrificial offer- 
ings (as similar figurines are interpreted by 
some authors), but as material representa- 
tions of animals desired. The sheep effigy 
of the modern Hopi is not a sacrifice to the 
god of growth, but a prayer symbol employed 
to secure increase of flocks. The painted 
eagle egg has a corresponding significance. 
Fig. 41. Pottery fragment bear. Pipe or cloud-blower.—TheCasa Grande peo- 
Sola coe ple used in smoking perforated tubes of clay or 
stone resembling pipes. ‘The cane cigarette also was commonly used, 
as shown by rejected canes found in great abundance in some of the 
rooms of Compound A. A large number of these canes are found 
also in shrines or other sacred places of the Hohokam, where they 
were placed by the ancients.? 
A broken pipe made of clay was excavated at Casa Grande and 
another was found on the ground. The former object has a slight 
enlargement of the perforation at one end. Although much of the 
stem is missing, there is no doubt that this pipe belongs to the type 
Fic. 40. Three-legged earthenware dish. 
1 Many clay figurines of quadrupeds have been taken from ruins on the Salt River. 
2 The ends of these canes are invariably burnt, as if after use. The canes were deposited in shrines, fol- 
lowing the custom which still holds in the New Fire and other ceremonies at Walpi. The ashes made by 
sacred fire and those from the sacred pipe are not thrown to the winds, but are placed in appropriate 
shrines. 
