144 CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA [ErH. ANN. 48 
Several specimens of Pectunculus were perforated in the middle, 
but were not sufficiently ground down to make bracelets or armlets. 
These, which were found near the base of a human skull, may have 
been parts of necklaces or of strings of shells worn about the neck, 
resembling those which have 
been described from ruins in 
northern Arizona. 
An artistic example of shell 
carving found at Casa Grande 
represents a frog cut out of a 
Pectunculus. Inthis specimen 
(pl. 75, 6), which is one of the 
best shell carvings known to 
the author, from the South- 
west, the legs, head, and body 
are in relief, the eyes especially 
being artistically made. (See 
also fig. 50.) 
One specimen (pl. 75, c) of these shells explains 
how the frogs were made. The legs and arms are 
indicated by scratches on one side, the backbone of 
the animal also being marked out by scratches on 
the surface of the shell. These markings were fol- 
lowed in cutting out the parts of the body. 
Fig. 48. Bracelet of Pectunculus shell. 
Fig. 49. Shell finger 
ting (Conus) deco- 
Several perforated Pectwnculus shells (pl. 75, d) rated with incised 
similar to those found in Little °°!" 
Colorado ruins were brought to light at Casa 
Grande. 
A single shell fragment, bearing on the back 
remains of rows of turquoises, was also found at 
Casa Grande. Although it would appear from 
several broken specimens that turquoise mosaics 
representing animals were not uncommon in the 
Fic. 50. Shell frog. Gila-Salt region, it is doubtful whether these re- 
markable objects were manufactured in Arizona. 
Among the more numerous marine shells which were found in 
Compound B of the Casa Grande Group of ruins are many large 
conchs, the points of the spires of nearly all of which were ground off 
and perforated as if for trumpets. Judging from known ceremonies 
of the Hopi, it is highly probable that these trumpets were used in 
dramatic celebrations in which effigies of the great serpent were intro- 
duced, the priest using the instruments to imitate the supposed roar 
of this animal. More than a dozen complete specimens, and many 
1 The turquoise frog found in the ruins at Chaves Pass is figured in 22d Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 
pl. XLIv. 
