FEWKEs] MINOR ANTIQUITIES 145 
fragments of conch shell that may have been parts of trumpets, were 
found in the course of the excavations at Casa Grande, the greater 
number being obtained on the west side of Compound B. All these 
shells came originally from the Pacific coast. 
In addition to the worked shell objects mentioned above, there 
were found a few fragments carved to represent various animals, 
among them lizards, birds, serpents, rabbits, and certain creatures 
the identification of which is impossible. Similar small shell cary- 
ings exist in all collections from the Gila ruins and are classified as 
fetishes. These small carvings, which give evidence of considerable 
artistic skill, were apparently personal amulets. Several had evi- 
dently been worn, many being perforated as if formerly suspended 
ubout the neck or fastened to the ears or to some other part of 
the body. These were picked up on the surface, apparently having 
been washed out of the ground by rains. The number found was 
comparatively small. 
Other shell fragments and shell objects vary from small perfor- 
ated disks to spherical or oval beads or small flakes. No cord was 
found by which these beads were strung together. 
Shells of the genus Conus (pl. 75, e) were cut into tinklers, which 
were either attached to sticks, forming rattles, or to the edges of 
kiltlike fabrics or garments. These objects were made by cutting 
off one end of the shell, generally the pointed extremity; in some 
cases the whole spire was removed and the pointed end perforated, 
the shell thus becoming a conical bell open at the side. The tin- 
kling was produced by rattling several of these attached shells 
against one another.! 
It was suggested by one of the old Pima that the lip of the Pecten 
shell was used in making zigzag or other designs on the cheeks, which 
had previously been covered with pigment. The shell, he explained, 
was drawn down the cheek, its lip being pressed against the skin. 
Nearly all the Pima formerly painted their faces for ornamentation 
or for protection against the rays of the sun. 
BONE IMPLEMENTS 
A comparatively small number of bone objects was found, most 
of them very good specimens. One of the best was taken from 
the collar bone of an adult, having been placed on the shoulder with 
the point toward the heart. While most of the bone implements 
are needles, awls, and pins, this object has been identified as a dirk. 
1 Rattles of this kind are abundant in ruins north of the rim of the Mogollones and are still used by 
the Hopi and other Pueblos. We sometimes find shells replaced by tinklers made of metal, the best 
known examples of which are those on the margin of the kilts of the Snake priests at Walpi. 
20903°—28 ETH—12 10 
