FEWKES ] RELATION OF COMPOUNDS TO PUEBLOS 159 
foundly affected by clans from that direction. Prehistoric Hopi 
pottery symbols are Keresan. The influx of Tewa and Tigua in com- 
paratively modern times has radically modified the symbols so that, 
as elsewhere pointed out, modern Hopi pottery is practically Tanoan. 
At Zuni, however, prehistoric pottery is more closely related to 
that of the southern clans, by whom the valley was first settled, and 
belongs to the Little Colorado ceramic area.1_ Modern Zuni pottery, 
however, is radically different from the ancient, resembling that of 
modern Hano or of the so-called modern Hopi. 
If, as the character of the pottery seems to indicate, Zufi culture 
is more modern than Hopi culture, the earliest colonists in the Zuni 
Valley were clans related to those that peopled the Little Colorado 
Basin later than the time of the founding of Sikyatki and other pre- 
historic Hopi pueblos. 
A comparative study of Acoma pottery sheds no light on the age 
of Zui as compared with that of the abandoned pueblos of the 
Little Colorado and the ancient Hopiruins. Very little archeologic 
data regarding Acoma has been gathered, and few clan or migration 
legends of this pueblo have been published, but judging from ceramic 
decoration it appears that Acoma pottery bears little resemblance to 
that peculiar to southern clans; it is distinctly Keresan and resembles 
more closely the pottery of ancient Hopi than it does that of ancient 
Zuni or Little Colorado ware, by which it does not appear to have 
been affected. Certain known facts bear on this question. Acoma 
is the oldest pueblo on an ancient site in the Southwest. Since its 
settlement it has been in continual conflict with other peoples. When 
its clans came into the country they were forced to defend themselves 
and chose as the site of their home a high rock, from which other 
clans could not dislodge them. Acoma is regarded, then, as the east- 
ern limit of southern, or Gila, influence and marks one point on a line 
of demarkation of the dual influences which merged at Hopi and Zuni. 
According to Hopi legend, it was settled by clans allied to the Snake 
and the Horn, from Tokénabi on the San Juan, which united with 
those from the far eastern region, possibly of Keresan parentage, as 
the present language indicates. 
The Hopi Snake legend tells of clans called the Teamahia that left 
the Snake clans at Wukoki on the Little Colorado and made their way 
east to Acoma,? where they met other clans from the east. These 
two groups were kindred, and as Teamahia is a Keresan term we 
may conclude that they were Keresan in kin. The relations of the 
Teamahia of Acoma and the Snake clans at Walpi were never com- 
1 From the relation of the ancient Zuni pottery to that of the Little Colorado and the Gila the writer is 
led to believe that the first colonists of that valley came from the south and west. 
2 In estimating the extent of the influence of Gila Valley culture in the northeastern part of the pueblo 
region, especially in the neighborhood of Acoma, it is desirable that ruins ascribed to ancestors of Acoma 
clans be studied in the light of their traditions. 
