FEWKES] RUINS ON THE UPPER VERDE RIVER 195 
The cliff-dwellings of the Red Rocks, built as they are in a rock 
formation different from that in which Montezuma Castle is situated, 
have certain architectural dissimilarities which are evident from com- 
parison of the illustrations. 
Honanki and Palatki, the principal cliff-houses in the Red Rocks, 
may be visited from Jerome, Arizona, by a more direct road than that 
from Flagstaff. This road passes through the valley settlements to 
Cottonwood, near which place it crosses the river.. Above and just 
beyond a ford there are low mesas on which are situated ruins,’ the 
walls of which can be seen from the crossing. (Pl. 89.) From the 
ford the road is fairly good as far as Windmill ranch, and thence is 
passable with wagons to Black’s ranch, at the mouth of one of the 
canyons of the Red Rocks. As there is always water in this canyon, 
the mouth of which les midway between Honanki and Palatki, a 
short distance from each, it is a favorable place for a permanent 
camp. The canyons in which the two ruins are situated are waterless. 
Several small cliff-houses are found in this and neighboring canyons, 
and there are many caves showing evidences of former occupancy as 
mescal camps by Apache or others, but the main interest centers in 
Honanki and Palatki, the largest cliff-houses yet discovered in the 
Verde region with the possible exception of Montezuma Castle. 
As already stated, it is evident that the character of the rock of 
the cave in which these two great ruins are situated is différent from 
that in which Montezuma Castle stands. Like the latter, the small 
cliff-house in Sycamore Canyon is literally built in a recess in the 
cliffs, the roof of the houses being a short distance below the roof of 
the cavity. In Honanki and Palatki, however, the opening is large 
and more in the nature of a cavern with a slight overhanging roof 
high above the tallest building. In these ruins there is no refuse- 
heap back of the inner rooms, the wall of the precipice serving as the 
rear wall of the room. 
The cliff-dwellings of the Red Rocks are more closely related archi- 
tecturally to those of the Navaho National Monument,’ in northern 
Arizona, than to Montezuma Castle. They differ also from the ruin 
at Jordan’s ranch, which is in reality a ledge-ruin, being built in 
a natural cave following the line of softer rock strata, having the 
front closed by an artificial wall extending from base to roof. 
The two ruins, Honanki and Palatki, discovered by the author in 
1895, were the first cliff-dwellings in this part of the Verde region 
made known toscience.> At that time photographs of these ruins were 
1 There are two ruins on the mesa above this ford, on the left bank of the river. These can be seen from 
Jerome with the aid of a field glass. 
2 The author has not yet determined whether the cave at Montezuma Castle is wholly natural. 
3 See Bull. 60, Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 
4 Several ruins of this type occur in the rock under Montezuma Castle; the ruins in Walnut Canyon, 
near Flagstaff, also belong to this type. 
617th Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 
