FEWKES ] RUINS ON WALNUT CREEK Pala 
where the entrances to the inclosure were situated, only a few stones 
have fallen. All the walls are made of small rough stones laid with- 
out mortar, the largest stones for the greater part forming the 
foundation; the walls slant slightly inward, as is noticeable in the 
corner shown in plate 96 (bottom). A cross section of the broken wall 
reveals the fact that large stones were used in construction on the 
inside and the outside facings, the intermediate section being filled 
in with smaller stones—a common mode of mural construction in 
the Walnut Creek and other regions. 
Rurs NEAR Drew’s Rancu House 
A short distance from Mr. Drew’s ranch house,t now (1911) de- 
serted, are several level terraces on which are small stones arranged 
in squares in rows, and other evidences of former aboriginal habita- 
tions. A considerable quantity of pottery fragments is also to be 
found, indicating that the few level areas in this vicinity were once 
occupied by man. Rings of stones like those near the Ainsworth 
ranch house, from which fragments of human bones had been exca- 
vated, are supposed to mark the sites of burial places. 
Ruins NEAR AINSworRTH’s RancH HousE 
It may safely be said that wherever in the Walnut Creek Valley 
land well situated for cultivation may be found, there may be expected 
also evidences of occupancy by former inhabitants, either remains 
of houses or irrigation ditches, or pictographs. Most of these habi- 
tations are situated on the low river terraces or tongue-shaped grav- 
elly mesas that project into the valley. The sites of the ancient 
farms are difficult to determine, for the reason that, as before explained, 
the continually changing stream has modified more or less the bottom 
lands along its course. 
From some of the best of these ruins (pl. 98), situated near Mr. 
Ainsworth’s house, human skeletons, fragments of pottery, and other 
evidences of former human occupancy have been obtained. The sites 
of the houses are indicated by rows of bowlders,? which in some places 
are arranged in circles. 
Runs NEAR SHooK’s Raneu House 
One of the largest forts in the Walnut Creek region overlooks 
Shook’s ranch, from the summit of a lofty hill on the left bank of 
the creek. This fort (pl. 99), which is visible for a long distance up 
1 Drew’s ranch is the last white man’s home encountered on the way up the valley, before the road 
ascends the hill to Aztee Pass. Walnut Creek divides at a point near level areas showing evidences of 
cultivation. The country is well wooded, forming part of the Prescott National Forest, the ranger of which 
lives near old Camp Hualapai. 
2 Resembling the so-called ‘‘bowlder sites’’ in the middle and lower Verde Valley, described by Cosmos 
Mindeleff. 
