226 CLASSIFICATION OF ALGONQUIAN TRIBES [ETH. any. 28 
writer’s disposal; but they were received too late to make possible 
the insertion of extracts, except in the proof-sheets. 
While it is too early to publish in detail the results of the writer's 
investigations (this applies especially to Blackfoot, Cheyenne, and 
Arapaho), still in view of the purely geographic classification by 
Mooney and Thomas in the Handbook of American Indians,! C. C. 
Uhlenbeck in Anthropos (111, 773-799, 1908), and F. N. Finck in 
his Die Sprachstiimme des Erdekreises (Leipzig, 1909), a preliminary 
linguistic report may be acceptable. 
The linguistic classification of Algonquian tribes in the present 
paper is based essentially on the occurrence of consonantic clusters 
and a few other phonetic phenomena, and on the pronominal forms 
of the verb. 
It will be seen that the various tables introduced throughout 
this paper to illustrate grammatic forms are rather uneven, because 
in many cases the writer has not ventured to abstract the personal 
terminations proper from the examples given in the authorities. It 
will be remembered that none of the older and only a few of the recent 
writers take into account instrumental particles; the result (com- 
bined with inaccurate phonetics) has been that often it is too haz- 
ardous to venture an opinion as to what the form actually was. 
Likewise the exclusive and inclusive first persons plural are frequently 
not distinguished, and here the writer has had to follow his own 
judgment. 
In conclusion, his thanks are due his colleague, Dr. John R.Swanton, 
for assistance in preparing the accompanying map (pl. 103). 
Notes ON PRONUNCIATION 
It is believed that the reader will have little trouble in understanding the symbols 
employed in this paper, as much the same system is employed as in the Handbook of 
American Indian Languages (Bulletin 40, B. A. E.). However, the following notes 
may prove useful. 
PIEGAN: 
x is post-paJatal, approximately between German ch in ich and ch in bach. 
x is post-velar. 
There are no sonant stops. 
CHEYENNE: 
w is a voiceless semivowel. 
v is bilabial. 
x is the surd velar spirant. 
c is the surd alveolar spirant. 
é and 6 (employed by R. Petter) represent whispered vowels. 
ARAPAHO: 
x is the surd velar spirant. 
x is the same, weakly articulated. 
1Bull. 80, Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 
