MICHELSON ] INTRODUCTION DOT 
tc is an intermediate with predominating surd quality, approximately between 
English ch in church and j in judge. 
b is a pure sonant. 
g is post-palatal; its sonancy is not so marked as that of 6. 
The surd stops are ordinarily unaspirated; when aspirated, the aspiration is indi- 
cated by (‘). 
é is very open. 
@ isasurd spirant articulated between the tongue and upper teeth, nearly on the flesh. 
(‘) indicates aspiration. 
€ indicates the glottal stop. 
7” indicates the nasality of the vowel. 
CrEE(Fort Torren): 
1 has the sound of obscure 7. 
é is long and close. 
(‘) indicates an aspiration; it isapproximately a weak x; ‘t is apt to be heard as 01. 
Pure surd stops are easily distinguished, but the corresponding sonants are stronger 
than those of English; final g gives almost the impression of aspirated k (k*). 
CrEE (Rupert’s House: see p. 247): 
ts’ is alveolar, between ts and tc. 
0 is close and short. 
CREE (Moose): 
@ has the sound of long close é. 
Monraenais (from Doctor Sapir’s notes): 
ts’ is palatized, between ts and tc. 
é is long and very open. 
MENOMINEE: 
é vand o ware nearly indistinguishable. 
g is very strong; finally it gives nearly the same impression as aspirated k (k*). 
Fox, Sauk, AND Kickapoo: 
For Fox, see Handbook of American Indian Languages (Bull. 40, B. A. E.), pt. 1, 
pp. 741-745. 
Here it may be remarked that in all three dialects there are no true sonants; they 
are much stronger than in English. 
‘k, ‘t, and “p among the younger people are but feebly to be distinguished from hf, t, 
and p, respectively. 
tc in Fox and Sauk is intermediate, nearly between ch in chill and j in judge; in 
Kickapoo it is a pure tenuis, approaching ts. 
The final vowels are spoken much more faintly by the younger generation than by 
those advanced in years. 
The writer believes Doctor Jones’s hw is simply voiceless w (w). 
SHAWNEE: 
Surd and sonant are difficult to distinguish. 
@ is the surd interdental spirant. 
évand 6 ware extremely difficult to distinguish. 
The final vowels are somewhat more easily heard than in Fox, Sauk,and Kickapoo. 
tc among the older generation is pronounced as such; among the younger people it 
resembles more nearly ts in sound. 
m and ™ are consonants that are hardly sounded—merely indicated—in words by 
themselves; a vowel preceding renders them full sounding. 
(‘) indicates an arresf. 
Onswa (of Baraga): 
a has the sound of a. 
ALGONKIN (of Lemoine): 
4 has the sound of a. 
