234 CLASSIFICATION OF ALGONQUIAN TRIBES [ETH, ANN. 28 
Cheyenne possesses a mode that is frequently used in narration as 
an indicative; it happens that but few of the forms occur in the 
writer’s texts. The third person singular animate, intransitive, ends 
in -s; the third person plural animate, intransitive, in -wus (the initial 
sound is represented by w merely for convenience. The writer has 
been unable to determine its exact value; it is heard now as v, now 
as w; the only thing absolutely certain is that it is bilabial); Hz—sm™ 
is -ws; THEY (an.)—HIM -owus,; to distinguish third persons, the intran- 
sitive third person has an obyiative -niwus. Assuming the phonetic 
change of te to s, it will be seen that the forms resemble the Fox, 
Shawnee, and Peoria conjunctive. The ni of -niwus corresponds to 
the ni of Fox -nitci, ete. 
The termination of the plural inanimate can be derived from the 
normal Central Algonquian termination by the phonetic laws stated 
above. At the same time it greatly resembles the Natick and Piegan 
forms, which apparently can not be derived from this source. 
Summing up, we may say that although Cheyenne must be classed 
as a distinct major branch of Algonquian languages, yet it has close 
affinities with the Ojibwa division of the Eastern-Central major divi- 
sion; but as consonantic clusters beginning with a nasal’and followed 
by a stop are not permitted, and the clusters sk and st occur, we 
must assume rather a more northern origin. If the Moiseyu really 
are the Monsoni, as James Mooney thinks (Mem. Anthr. Ass., 1, 
369, 1907), there is historical support for this assumption. The 
fact that Natick in the ending of the termination of the present 
independent made resembles the Ojibwa type probably led Petter 
(ibid., 447) to consider Cheyenne?’ closer to Natick. The latter 
does permit consonantic clusters with a nasal as the prior member 
and a stop as the second member, but it does not agree entirely with 
Ojibwa in this usage; note especially the present suppositive (sub- 
junctive) mode. But it should be noted that the cluster st is not 
permitted, though sk is; and the cluster st is a distinct trait of 
Algonquian languages of northern origin (ci. Eastern Algonquian, 
Montagnais, Cree, Blackfoot). 
ARAPAHO 
This division includes Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre (Atsina), two 
dialects that are on the verge of extinction, and one dialect that at 
present is either absolutely extinct or is spoken by only very few indi- 
1 According to the writer’s present information there are two Sutaio (a tribe that became incorporated 
with the Cheyenne) who can still speak their own language, namely, White Bull (Ice) of the Northern Chey- 
enne and Left Hand Bull of the Southern Cheyenne. Unfortunately the former ceased work before any texts 
could be secured from him, and the writer has heard only recently of the latter’s ability to speak his own 
language. For this reason no accurate idea of the language can be given here. Cheyenne traditions are 
unanimous, however, in stating that the language was intelligible to the Cheyenne. 
