MICHELSON] ALGONQUIAN LINGUISTIC GROUPS 235 
viduals. The writer can describe from personal investigation only 
Arapaho proper; he has been informed by members of this tribe that 
Gros Ventre is readily understood by them. According to Dr. A. L. 
Kroeber, the dialect mentioned as possibly absolutely extinct closely 
resembled Blackfoot ; according to information received, the Piegan of 
Montana say a body of them joined the Arapaho and still speak their 
own language. This matter requires careful investigation. It is to be 
hoped that Doctor Kroeber will publish at an early date his compara- 
tive vocabularies of the dialects and also those phonetic laws of 
Arapaho proper that he has discovered and courteously communicated 
to the writer. 
That Arapaho is an Algonquian language is shown by such words 
as hine/n MAN, ni™seSe MY ELDER BROTHER, no™tdne® MY DAUGHTER, 
né’st* MY GRANDCHILD, nis’ TWO, ndsd THREE, yé'n’ FOUR, bdtdtar TEN, 
bdtebi OLD WOMAN, neti MY HEART, hd-sité** 1r Is HOT; as well as by 
the system of the possessive pronouns. Some of the more radical 
phonetic changes that the author has observed (some of these had 
been anticipated by Doctor Kroeber) are te becomes 0: -ni0, Fox -nite’; 
p becomes 0: netc’ WATER, Fox nep’, nétc’ My ARROW, Fox nip’; k be- 
comes h: hi- Tuy, Fox ke-, héw* not, Ojibwa kawin; p becomes g(k): 
sisiga® DUCK, Fox cicip; w becomes n: no™ku RABBIT, Ojibwa wa’ pos; 
m becomes 6 (and w?);: bdtebi oLD WOMAN, Fox metemo'“, bdtdtax TEN; 
skw becomes 2°: wa2'® bear, Cree maskwa, Fox ma‘kw*. With the 
assumption that y becomes n, and g+ ,a final whispered vowel, becomes 
£,a number of verbal pronominal forms grow clearer in formation. 
(How these changes may distort words almost beyond recognition 
may be shown by ni*tcebgahut’ HE RUNS BY: ni(#) is a common verbal 
prefix (7); teeb = Fox pemi; gahu = Fox -paho-; -t' the pronominal 
ending.) Doctor Kroeber has already remarked that in nominal 
forms the inanimate and animate plurals are not distinguished, though 
they are in verbal forms.!| The exclusive and inclusive first person 
plurals are not distinguished in verbal forms, according to information 
received by the writer, but they certainly are in the possessive pro- 
nouns. It is thus seen that Arapaho has become very specialized. 
In the writer’s judgment, no Algonquian language has deviated 
farther from the normal. 
Arapaho is characterized by very weak nasal vowels, which when 
pronounced rapidly, however, betray scarcely any nasality. The 
glottal stop is extremely common. There are a number of conso- 
nantic clusters, but none of more than two consonants. 
1 See Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. Xv1u, p. 5, 1902. 
