238 CLASSIFICATION OF ALGONQUIAN TRIBES [pPH. ANN. 28 
other modes. The transitive forms are based mainly on the combin- 
ation of intransitive ones, sometimes part being prefixed and part 
suffixed, or both parts are suffixed. In certain forms it is necessary 
to assume certain pronominal elements which are totally unconnected 
with the possessive or independent pronouns, but which nevertheless 
reoccur in other modes than the independent. 
The writer’s classification of the dialects of the Central subtype is 
based ona study of the present independent and subjunctive modes, 
together with phonetic and a few other considerations. 
It is possible to formulate certain subdivisions of the group. These 
are— 
Cree-Montagnais. 
Menominee. 
Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, together with Shawnee, the last-named being 
somewhat removed from them. ‘ 
Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Ottawa, Algonkin, with Peoria somewhat 
removed from them. 
Natick. 
Delaware. 
It may be further noted that Cree-Montagnais, Menominee, Sauk, 
Fox, Kickapoo, and Shawnee collectively form a unit as compared 
with any other of the subdivisions. 
CREE-MONTAGNAIS 
CREE 
Cree is characterized by the maintenance of the clusters sk, sp, st 
(ck, ep, ct), which in other members of the Central group (with certain 
limitations noted below) are converted to ‘k, ‘p, ‘t, respectively. Itisa 
special point of contact with Eastern Algonquian that these are like- 
wise retainedin them. Examples are Cree amisk (Lacombe) BEAVER, 
Stockbridge (Edwards) amisque, Ojibwa ami‘k, Delaware amochk, 
Fox amekw® (Shawnee hamdkwa, Gatschet), Peoria amékwa, Abnaki 
pepSn-emesk& (Rasles) WINTER BEAVER, Micmac piiliimskw BEAVER 
OF THIRD YEAR;? Cree miskawew HE FINDS HIM, HER, Malecite mus- 
kuwan HE FOUND HER, Natick miskom HE FINDS IT, Fox me‘kawdw? 
HE FINDS HIM, HER; Cree iskwéu WOMAN, Micmac késigd-éskw* OLD 
WoMAN, Natick squaw, Fox vkwiw%, Ojibwa ikwd, Delaware 
takwdéu (Sapir); Cree maskwa BEAR, Fox ma‘kw*%, Shawnee kwa, 
Peoria maxkwa, Ojibwa ma‘kwa, Natick mosq; Cree ishpimik ABoveE, 
Ojibwa ishpiming, Menominee icpéimiya ABOVE, Penobscot spumki 
1 Moreover, under unknown conditions a sibilant is retained before k in Fox, Ojibwa, etc., and these agree 
in the retention or loss of the sibilant. : 
2 Rand, Dictionary of the Language of the Micmac Indians, Halifax, 1888. 
