MICHELSON] ALGONQUIAN LINGUISTIC GROUPS 249 
the contrary is expressly mentioned. Hence the fact that Montag- 
nais sometimes is not mentioned merely means that it agrees with 
Cree. 
MENOMINEE 
Menominee is characterized by peculiar consonantic clusters due 
to the elimination of the final 7 of initial stems; thus, wépmd’wag 
THEY BEGAN TO CRY (Fox wépi-), wiépketcpipa’xtaw* HE BEGAN TO 
RUN SWIFTLY (Fox wipi-, ke'ta-), nikésnéwa’wag 1 HAVE SEEN THEM 
(Fox nekicinéwawag'), kétema'wag THEY ARE CRYING HARD (Fox 
ke'teimaiyowsg’), késpiw’ HE HAS COME (Fox kicipydw*), kikésmé- 
kanégunawag THEY FOUGHT US (Fox kekicimigatihe gunanag'). This 
elimination may cause a double consonant, as pipimmékatowsg THEY 
FOUGHT AS THEY WENT ALONG (Fox pemi + pydémigatiwag'), pipimm- 
éséw* HE WENT PAST EASING HIMSELF (Fox pemi + pydmisiw*), 
waippipa'ztaw? HE BEGAN TO RUN (Fox wépi+pyd-). The combi- 
nation of the subordinating particle 4s with initial stems also 
gives rise to clusters—for example, aspémdtiséya WE SHALL LIVE. 
The only true consonantic clusters that occur within the same mor- 
phologie division of a word are sk and sp; the latter alone is impor- 
tant in determining the general relations of Menominee. Examples 
are: késpin PERHAPS, Cree kispin, Ojibwa kishpin; icpémiya ABOVE, 
Cree ishpimik, Ojibwa ishpiming, Fox a'pemigi (see discussion of 
Ojibwa, p. 261). The combination zt agrees with Micmac, e. g. pi- 
paxtaw’ HE IS COMING ON THE RUN, Micmac péxtamkdasid HE WENT 
on. Surd and sonant are exceedingly difficult to distinguish; like- 
wise € and 7%. The writer was unable to determine these with abso- 
lute accuracy; the sounds are given as taken down. Whisperéd 
vowels are easy to hear after w; in other cases it is questionable 
whether they actually exist. A peculiarity of Menominee is that 
Central Algonquian s under unknown conditions becomes n; thus 
no-nes® MY FATHER (Fox ndse), na’ne’ MY ELDER BROTHER (Fox nesese), 
ponindw* HE STOPPED IN HIS FLIGHT (Fox ponisdw%, -Ondi- WALK (Fox 
-USa-). 
A table of the independent mode follows. 
