MICHELSON] ALGONQUIAN LINGUISTIC GROUPS 279 
far closer to Fox and Natick. The forms with the third person 
animate, singular and plural, as subject are the same in structure as 
those of the latter in nearly all cases and represent a formation other- 
wise unknown in Central and Eastern Algonquian. Some of the 
terminations seem peculiar to Delaware. 
The forms -inke THEY an.—ME, -inde we (excl. or incl. ?)—THEM, 
which, following Zeisberger, one would be forced to consider transi- 
tive forms of the subjunctive, in reality are indefinite passive con- 
junctives (Fox -igi, -etci, Peoria -ingi, -dénda, respectively). Again 
following Zeisberger, -geyenke, -geyane, -geyeque THEY an.—Uvs 
(excl.), THEE, YOU, respectively, would have to be considered transi- 
tive forms, but they are simple passives. The termination -amanque 
we (excl.)—rHEM an. really contains an inanimate object (see 
the tables for Fox and Ojibwa). Observe that 1—1T has an exact 
correspondent in Shawnee. Certain persons have n’ and k’ prefixed 
indiscriminately in the same forms and have been omitted from the 
above scheme as unreal (n’ and k’ are suggestive of the indicative). 
Delaware has a p, and panne preterite. The former is shared by 
Peoria, Natick, and Micmac; the latter is found in Ojibwa, Cree, 
Montagnais, Malecite, and Penobscot (for the combination of both in 
the subjunctive mode, see the discussion of Ojibwa, p. 269), 
The suffix of the future -tsch is presumably the same as Fox -tca* 
VERILY. 
It should be mentioned that Delaware has a relative mode that 
corresponds to the Fox, Shawnee, Micmac, and Peoria conjunctive. 
The forms given are too few to constitute a complete series but the 
important point that the first person singular intransitive ends in 
-ya, as in Shawnee (cf. Micmac), is certain. 
Delaware has consonantic clusters but to what an extent is not 
clear from the inadequate phonetic system employed by Zeisberger. 
Some of these clusters are due to changes of a sibilant with a voice- 
less stop, e. g., u/xkwiu (Sapir) WoMAN, Cree iskwéu. Others are 
patently due to the elimination of vowels, e. g., n’milguneen HE GIVES 
us (excl.), Fox neminegunan*, tulpe TURTLE, Abnaki tolba, Scaticook 
tilipds (really a diminutive), Natick taonuppasog (pl.). Others are 
due to the combination of the signs for the preterite with the final 
consonant of the present. A nasal before stops agrees with Peoria 
and Ojibwa in this use as opposed to Fox, Shawnee, Cree, Montag- 
nais, and Menominee. The origin of other clusters is quite obscure. 
It is doubtful whether there are true long consonants in Delaware; 
there is reason to suspect that their apparent existence is due merely 
to a faulty or deficient phonetic system. 
It was shown above how Delaware exhibits great diversity in 
points of contact with other Algonquian languages; attention may 
here be drawn to the fact that since Fox and Shawnee are closely 
