MICHELSON] ALGONQUIAN LINGUISTIC GROUPS : 285 
An original o or w under unknown conditions seems to umlaut the 
vowel of the preceding syllable to 0, w, as does postconsonantal w. 
Thus, Malecite tiogul HE was TOLD; this stands for *tegél' (cf. Shaw- 
nee otegol’ HE WAS TOLD), in which o—gél' is the passive termination 
and te the initial stem. Penobscot k’namiogona HE SEES US (incl.), 
Abnaki k’namiogonna are additional illustrations. The terminations 
are for *ke—guna (cf. Shawnee); -he-, the instrumental + the e insert, 
has suffered the changes shown above and the h is lost; the stem is 
nami. Passamaquoddy ndekamugun HE STRIKES Us (excl.) and 
kdekamugun HE STRIKES US (incl.) are for *ne—meguna and *ke— 
meguna, respectively; m is the instrumental particle; e the phonetic 
insert which has been umlauted to vu. Other examples of this umlaut- 
ing will be mentioned in the discussion of the verbal endings. Exam- 
‘ples in which a w (either maintained or lost) has caused umlaut are: 
Penobscot namiukw HE SEES ME (for n’n-), Abnaki n’namiok, Passa- 
maquoddy ndekamuk HE STRIKES ME (Fox ne—gwa; rest explained 
above); ktekamuk HE STRIKES THEE (Fox ke—gwa). 
Below are tables of such forms of the Passamaquoddy independent 
mode (present tense) and of the Micmac conjunctive (which is used 
like the indicative) mode as the writer has been able to extract from 
Doctor Gatschet’s papers. 
PASSAMAQUODDY PRESENT INDEPENDENT MODE 
| I we excl. we incl. thou ye he they (an.) 
eee z | 
Intrans.. . | n- nm—ban | k—ban k- k—ba -wuk 
| | 
CC) ae k-i k—iba n—k 
usiexcl. . . | k—iban k—iban n—gun n—gunwuk 
usincl. . S — | _ _ | = k—gun k—gunwuk 
thee | k— k—Ipen_ | k—k k—guk 
you .. . | k—lpa k—Ipen — — — k—guwa k—gua 
him ... |n—a n—an k—-a | k—awa u—al -awal 
them (an.) . | n—ak k—anwuk | k—ak | k—awa u—a u—awa 
MICMAC CONJUNCTIVE MODE 
I | weexcl. | we incl. thou ye | he they (an.) 
| | | | 
| 
meres. | | | -in -it -idjik 
usexe]l: . . _ | _ — -iek ~iek 
usincl. . . | | AS -lkwik 
thee . . « | -2 | -lek | — | = _ -sk -skik 
yOu. 9s). || -lor -lek = = | = -lox -lor 
int) - 2). [uk ~uget | -ox | -adl -adidl 
them (an.) . | -gik -ugidjik -0xr -adji -adidjik 
