286 CLASSIFICATION OF ALGONQUIAN TRIBES [ETH. ANN. 28 
In comparing the forms with other Algonquian languages it is 
necessary to keep in mind the phonetic changes hinted at above. 
In the Passamaquoddy independent mode the wu and w umlaut oceurs 
in the forms for HE—ME, Us (incl. and excl.), THEE; THEY an.—ME, 
us (excl. and incl.), rHeEE, you. The agreement in the use of / with 
Shawnee, ete., in contrast with Fox, Ojibwa, Cree, etc., n should be 
noted; also the elimination of vowels_and the phonetic changes 
involved. ; 
While treating of the linguistic relations of Fox and Shawnee, it 
was necessary to treat Passamaquoddy at some length. It was 
shown that Passamaquoddy is very closely related to Fox on the 
one hand and to Shawnee on the other. The form for we (incl.)— 
THEM an. approximates most closely the corresponding Cree and 
Montagnais form, though not identical with them. The relationship 
is the same in the case of we (excl.)—nim. This last approximates 
the form in Cree, Montagnais, Delaware (one form), and Ojibwa; it coin- 
cides with the analogue in Natick and by chance with that in Chey- 
enne. Wesay by chance, as Cheyenne has no other special agreements 
with Eastern Algonquian, whereas, as was pointed out in the discussion 
of Fox, Natick happens to share another termination. The form for 
THEY an.—ws (incl.) approximates the Cree, Montagnais, and Me- 
nominee analogues. The agreement of the last named with Passama- 
quoddy is undoubtedly fortuitous, due simply to the. fact that 
Menominee as well as Eastern Algonquian shows certain affinities with 
Cree-Montagnais. The form for YE—THEM an. apparently is the 
same as that for ye—nimM. The form for THEY an.—wus (excl.) is 
based on the same formation as THEY an.—us (incl.). The fact that 
Passamaquoddy shares certain persons of the independent mode with 
Ojibwa was shown in the discussion of Fox. But it should be noted 
that all such persons are likewise shared by Shawnee. 
There is given below a table of the Abnaki present independent 
mode so far as the writer has been able to extract the terminations 
from Doctor Sapir’s notes: 
I we excl. | we inel. thou ye he they an. 
Intrans.. . | nI-(n-) (n)—bina | ki- (k-) k—ba* - ~wak* 
— : | Z . s naa 
MO, cove ie _- — _ k—i | (n)—gok* 
usexcl . . = _— _ k—ibina’ | k—ibina* \[(n)—gabina'] 
usinel. . . = | = 
thee . . . | k—i k—Ilbina | — = = k—gok* 
you... . | k—l.ba' k—Ibina’ — - - 
him .. . | (n)—A‘ (n)—AbIna’ | k—A k—amba‘ o—A* 
theman. . | (n)—Ayk‘ | k—agk’ k—amba’ o—Al 
