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2. The substances and materials listed under paragraph 1 (b) above should 
always be deposited in deep water. 
3. In the issuance of permits or approvals for the dumping of large quantities 
of acids and alkalis, consideration should be given to the possible presence in 
in such wastes of the substances listed in paragraph 1 above. 
4. When, in the application of the provisions of Annexes II and III, it is con- 
sidered necessary to deposit waste in deep water, this should be done only when 
the following two conditions are both fulfilled: 
a) that the depth is not less than 2000 metres. 
b) that the distance from the nearest land is not less than 150 nautical miles. 
Each signatory state is committed to enforce the agreement with 
respect to (a) “‘ships and aircraft registered in its territory,’ (b) 
“ships and aircraft loading in its territory the substances and materials 
which are to be dumped,” and (c) ‘‘ships and aircraft believed to be 
engaged in dumping within its territorial sea.’’ This convention applies 
to the territorial seas as well as the international waters of the North- 
Hast Atlantic and adjoming Arctic Oceans. 
U.S_A.-U.S.S.R. Agreement on Environmental Protection 
A bilaterial agreement signed on May 23, 1972, between the United 
States and the Soviet Union established a Soviet-American Joint 
Committee on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection 
which “‘as a rule” shall meet once a year in Washington and Moscow, 
alternately. The basis for this action is the underlying assumption 
that deterioration of the environment is primarily, although not 
entirely, a result of advanced industrial and urban society and the 
correction of this devastation is mostly a problem for the advanced 
nations. 
International Decade of Ocean Exploration 
A world-wide program of work related to ocean pollution is being 
carried out under the auspices of the International Decade of Ocean 
Exploration (IDOE). This program, aimed at preservation of the 
quality of the marine environment, has gained the support of thirty- 
two nations. One aspect of this research is to take measurements at 
sea of the concentration of specific pollutants considered potentially 
hazardous to man or marine life. 
