49 
the most comprehensive assessment of the goals and policies of the 
United States with regard to the marine environment and resources. 
that had been prepared to date. The report included over one hundred 
findings and recommendations for specific actions and recommended 
whether the actions should be legislative, administrative, interna- 
tional, national, state, or local. Rather than discussing pollution in 
coastal waters, estuaries, and the ocean, as a separate topic, the report 
examined these problems as they related to specific marine activities. 
The Marine Resources Act was further amended in May 1969 
(Public Law 91-15) and September 1970 (Public Law 91-414) to 
extend the expiration date of the Council pending the establishment 
of a permanent Federal ocean agency. The National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was finally established on 
October 3, 1970, as a dependent organization within the Department 
of Commerce. NOAA brought together nine related atmospheric and 
sea programs from five departments and agencies. ies 
Sea Grant and College Program Act of 1966 is 
The year 1966 was a year of legislative action dealing with marine 
environmental concerns. In October, the Sea Grant College and Pro-. 
eram Act (Public Law 89-688) was passed, providing much needed 
funding support in the marine sciences. The Act encompassed three 
main objectives, namely, research, training of manpower, and infor- 
mation transfer of new discoveries and technology to ocean related 
applications such as shipping, food and minerals from the sea, defense, 
extraction of drugs from the sea, transportation, recreation, weather 
prediction, and other activities. This Act later became incorporated 
as title II of the Marine Resources and Engineering Development 
Act. Administration of the Act was originally delegated to the National 
Science Foundation. Federal funds were provided on a two to one— 
basis; that is, the recipient must provide one-third of the total. While 
the main emphasis is on the ‘development of marine resources,” this 
is defined to include conservation and management of these resources 
and the social, legal, medical, and economic problems that might 
arise from their development, recovery and use. The marine environ- 
ment was again defined to include the oceans and the seabed and 
subsoil of the Continental Shelf of the United States to a depth of 
200 meters or beyond to the limits of exploitation. Other amendments 
to this Act have authorized continued appropriations. 
Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966 
Further amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act 
were enacted in 1965 and 1966. The 1965 amendments (Public Law 
89-234) primarily provided for Federal administrative reorganiza- 
tion and grants for research, development, and construction of 
sewage treatment works. States were given the opportunity to estab- 
lish adequate water quality standards and enforcerhent procedures 
for their interstate waters. If a state did not take action by June 30, 
1967, the Federal government would establish standards. The 1966 
amendments, titled The Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966 (Public 
Law 89-753), extended the definition of coverage of the Act to 
specifically include rivers, coastal waters, sounds, estuaries, bays, and 
harbors. In addition, massive Federal support was authorized for 
erants for the construction of sewage treatment facilities. 
