62 
whether national or international. It is hoped that the Law of the Sea 
Conference will achieve the necessary mechanisms for pollution 
control. According to Dr. Michael Waldichuk, past chairman of 
GESAMP, “There is no question that the freedom of the seas for many 
of the activities that have been conducted without control for centuries 
will be considerably curtailed.” * 
Advances in controlling marine pollution globally are most likely to 
proceed through the following types of development: 
(1) International conventions, with clearly-defined powers, for 
controlling dumping at sea, ships, exploitation activities on the sea-bed 
and in the subsoil, continental runoff, atmospheric emissions, effluent 
discharges by pipeline, and other shore-based activities. Agreements 
for controlling such pollution sources can arise from (a) the 1972 
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of 
Wastes and Other Matter, (b) the 1973 IMCO Conference on Marine 
Pollution, and (c) the Third Law of the Sea Conference. 
(2) Research and monitoring activities on marine pollution by many 
nations (a) coordinated by the IOC’s International Coordination 
Group on the Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environ- 
ment and (b) conducted through the Mechanism of (i) the IOC/WMO 
Integrated Global Ocean Station System, and possibly (i) the 
Global Atmospheric Research Program. Regional programs, such as 
those of ICES, can beneficially be included in any global network. 
(3) Scientific review for the adequacy of research and monitoring 
programs by GESAMP and the advisory bodies of IOC, 1.e., SCOR, 
ACMRR, ECOR, and ACOMR. 
(4) United Nations Environmental Program financial support of 
national marine pollution research and monitoring programs by 
Member State funding agencies, and of international programs, con- 
ducted by U.N. agencies and by approved national teams. 
(5) Collaboration of developed and developing nations at all levels 
of marine pollution research, monitoring and control to bring about 
an effective system of environmental management.” 
APPENDIX I 
HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN THE SEA 
The following Table is reproduced from the Report of the Fifth Session of the 
Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution (GHESAMP), 
which was held in Vienna from 18—23 June, 1973. The Report was published in 
October 1973, and contains views by experts acting in their individual capacities 
which may not necessarily correspond with the views of the Sponsoring Agencies 
(IMCO, FAO, UNESCO, WMO, WHO, IAEA and UN) of GESAMP. 
56 Waldichuk, M. International approach to the marine pollution problem. Ocean Management, v. 1, . 
Nov. 1973: 211-261. 
5 Ibid., p. 248-249. 
