circular hollow in the side of a hill or mountain. Cirque ice may be 

 stagnant or it may overflow from its basin to produce a glacier. See 

 land ice. 



CLEARING: (I.C.l.c.)— Polynya. 



CLOSE ICE: (I.A.l.d.) — Ice covering from eight- to ten-tenths of a sea 

 water area. See concentration (of ice) . (Fig. 7.) 



CLOSE PACK: (I.A.l.d.)— Close ice. 



COAST ICE: (I.B.l.b.)— Fast ice. 



COASTAL ICE: (I.B.l.b.)— Fast ice. 



COLLAR ICE: (I.B.l.a.)— Ice foot. 



COMPACT ICE: (I.A.3.)— Conglomerated ice. 



COMPOUND PANCAKE ICE: (I. A. 3.)— Pancakes which have frozen 

 together. 



CONCENTRATION (of ice): (I.A.I.)— The ratio of the areal extent 

 of ice present to the total areal extent of ice and water. Concentration 

 is usually reported in tenths; for example, a water area may be five- 

 tenths or six-tenths covered with ice. Descriptive terms most frequently 

 used to describe the concentration are : 



Open water — less than one-tenth ice cover, 



Scattered ice — one- to five-tenths ice cover, 



Broken ice — five- to eight-tenths ice cover, 



Close ice — eight- to ten-tenths ice cover, 



Consolidated ice — ten-tenths ice cover revealing no sea surface. 



CONCRETE: (V.C.) — Snow compacted by heavy objects. Concrete 

 becomes most evident when lighter snow has blown away, leaving com- 

 pacted snow in low ridges. Footprints and tracks of vehicles are examples. 



CONCUSSION CRACK: (I.C.I. a.)— A crack produced by the impact 

 of one ice cake upon another. 



CONFLUENT ICE: (II.A.3.d.)— An ice sheet formed by the coalescence 

 of ice tongues from several glaciers, but given a definite form and 

 trend by the presence of a land bar along its seaward edge. A coastal 

 plain is not necessary for the existence of confluent ice. See land ice. 



CONGLOMERATED ICE: (LA.)— All types of floating ice compacted 

 into one mass. Conglomerated ice refers to the contents of an ice mass, 

 whereas consolidated ice refers to the degree of compaction or con- 

 centration of an ice mass. Cf. consolidated ice. 



CONSOLIDATED ICE: (I.A.l.e.)— A sea ice area entirely devoid of 

 sea water spaces usually containing the heavier forms of ice. Consoli- 

 dated ice implies that there is a ten-tenths ice cover present. See con- 

 centration (of ice). (Fig. 8.) 



CONTINENTAL GLACIER: (II.A.l a.)— Continental ice. 



CONTINENTAL ICE: (II.A.l.a.)— Ice which inundates a large land 

 mass. The criteria for continental ice are: (1) The extent of the land 



