FLAT ICE: (I.A.4.a.) — Ice having a flat or level surface. Cf. pressure 



ice. (Figs. 30, 36, 37, 62.) 

 FLAW: 



(1) (I.B.4.) — The seaward edge of landfast ice. (Fig. 61.) 



(2) (I.C.l.b.) — The shore lead just outside the landfast ice. 

 FLOATING ICE: (LA.) — A general term applied to all types of ice 



(other than icebergs and other land ice) floating in the water. Float- 

 ing ice may be classified by: (1) Concentration, (2) size, (3) age, 

 and (4) topography. 



FLOE: (LA. 2.) — The term floe is used for referring to fragments of ice 

 (other than icebergs and other land ice) with no specific size intended. 

 However, unlike the term cake, when floe is used with such qualifying 

 terms as small, medium, or giant, a rather definite size is implied. Terms 

 for describing floes of specific size are: Brash, block, small floe, 

 medium floe, giant floe, and ice field. Another distinction is that a 

 floe may consist of a single unbroken fragment of ice or many con- 

 solidated fragments, whereas cake implies a single unbroken fragment 

 of ice. Floe is also used with such qualifying terms as heavy and light, 

 but these terms imply thickness rather than areal limit. 



FLOE BELT: (I.A.l.f.)— A belt consisting of floes. 



FLOEBERG: (I.A.4.L) — A mass of thick, heavily-hummocked sea ice 

 resembling an iceberg in appearance. Floebergs may be from several 

 feet to more than fifty feet in height. An iceberg in its last stages of 

 disintegration may be mistaken for a floeberg. Cf. iceberg, floe. 

 (Fig. 52.) 



FOSSIL ICE: (II.B.) — Underground seams or lenses of ice formed only 

 in regions of permafrost. 



FRAZIL CRYSTALS: (I.A.3.a. or IV.)— Ice crystals in the form of 

 spicules or thin plates formed in swiftly flowing streams or in turbulent 

 sea water in which sheet ice" formation is prevented. (Figs. 24, 25.) 



FRAZIL ICE: (LA. 3. a. or IV.) — Cinder-like masses of ice resulting from 

 accumulations of frazil crystals (Fig. 25) . 



FRESH ICE: 



(1) (II., III., or IV.) — Ice formed from fresh water. 



(2) (I.A.3.C.)— Young ice, 



(3) (LA. 3.) — Ice that has been salty but now is fresh. 



FROST: (V.B.) — Atmospheric moisture deposited through sublimation 

 upon terrestrial objects in the form of ice crystals when the temperature 

 is at or below freezing (Fig. 109) . 



FROST SMOKE: (V.B.)— A thick fog rising from the sea surface when 

 relatively warm water is exposed to an air temperature much below 

 freezing. Frost smoke frequently appears over newly-formed cracks 

 and leads. If, however, the cold air moves across the sea surface with a 



9559340—52—4. 



