of ice crystals in the early stages of freezing. It gives the sea surface 



a greasy appearance. 

 GROUNDED ICE : (IB.) —Stranded ice. 

 GROUND ICE: 



(1) (I.B.l.d.) — Bottom ice. Ice formed on the bed of a river, lake,, 

 or shallow sea. 



(2) (II.B.) — Fossil ice. Ice associated with permafrost. 

 GROWLER: (II.A.5.C. or I.A.4.f.)— A small fragment of ice awash, 



smaller than a bergy bit, usually of glacial origin, and generally green- 

 ish in color. See iceberg. (Figs. 72, 73.) 



GROWLER ICE: (II.A.5.C or I.A.4.f.)— An accumulation of growlers. 



GULF ICE: (I.A.3.d.)— Winter ice formed in a gulf or bay. 



HAYCOCK: (II.B.) — An isolated ice cone rising above the surface of 

 land ice or shelf ice as a result of pressure or ice movement. 



HEAVY FLOE: (I.A.2.)— A floe that is more than 10 feet thick. See 

 floe. 



HEAVY ICE: (LA.)— Any sea ice more than 10 feet thick. 



HEELING: (V.A.) — Causing a vessel to roll by mechanical means so as 

 to enable it to gain headway when working in ice. Cf. sallying. 



HIGHLAND ICE: (II.A.l.c.) — A comparatively thin, but continuous ice 

 sheet overlying any flat or undulating land surface and conforming to 

 a considerable extent to the irregularities of the land upon which it 

 rests. Cf. continental ice. See land ice. (Fig. 68.) 



HINGE CRACK: (I.C.l.a.) — A crack in sea ice running parallel and 

 adjacent to a pressure ridge. The heavy weight of the pressure 

 ridge is the primary cause of the hinge crack. See water opening. 



HOARFROST: (V.B.)— Frost. 



HOLE: 



(1) (I.C.l.d.) — An opening through the ice. 



(2) (I.C.l.d.) — An open space between ice cakes. Cf. polynya. See 

 puddle. 



HUMMOCK: (I.A.4.C.) — A mound or hillock in pressure ice. See 

 pressure ice. (Figs. 40, 44.) 



HUMMOCKED ICE: (I.A.4.C.)— Ice piled haphazardly into mounds or 

 hillocks. At the time of formation hummocked ice is similar to rafted 

 ice except that the former requires a greater degree of pressure and 

 heaping than the latter. After hummocked ice and rafted ice have 

 been repeatedly covered with snow and weathered, no distinction is then 

 made between the two terms and hummocked ice is the term applied 

 to both types. See pressure ice. (Figs. 40-44, 48, 52.) 



HUMMOCKY FIELD: (I.AAc.) — A large area of hummocked ice 

 (Figs. 42, 43). 



HUMMOCKY FLOE: (I.A.4.c.)— A floe of hummocked ice (Fig. 41). 



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