Table 3.1 



Areas of Underwater Technology 



Basic Engineering 



Coastal and Oceanic Hydrodynamics 



Wave nriotion, force, spectra 



Tides, seiches, surges, tsunamis 



Reflection, refraction, diffraction 



Currents. Turbulence and diffusion 



Sediment erosion, transport, deposition 

 Underwater Soil Mechanics 



Physical properties; in situ and laboratory 



Sampling. Testing. Site surveys 



Bearing capacity. Foundation settlement 



Anchoring. Breakout. Penetration 



Scour. Stabilization. Slope stability 

 Materials Engineering 

 Structural Mechanics 

 Mechanical and Electrical Sciences 

 Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 



Engineering Components 



Instrumentation Systems 



Navigation, positioning, communications 

 Observations, recording, measurements, sampling 



Power Sources 



Batteries. Fuel cells 



Radioisotope. Nuclear 



Chemical dynamic. Closed cycle diesel 



Equipment, Tools, Devices 



Motors, pumps, propulsion units, controls 

 Fittings, connectors, penetrations, seals 

 Tools: cutting, hammering, torquing, welding 

 Manipulators. Remote control systems 



Life Support Systems 



Submersibles, habitats, divers 



General Systems and Operations (multimission applications) 

 Submersible Vehicles 



Manned and unmanned 

 Tethered, untethered, towed 

 Bottom crawlers 

 Mooring Systems 

 Anchor and cable 

 Dynamic anchoring 



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