CONTENTS 



Page 



I. Ocean Space 1 



An Overview of the Geography of the Seabed 1 



Scope and Limitations of the Study 1 



II. Geography and Legal Concepts of the Continental Shelf 2 



Continental Shelf of the United States 3 



Continental Shelf of the Soviet Union_ 5 



Differing Doctrines of the "Legal Shelf" 6 



The Truman Proclamation 7 



The Submerged Lands Act of 1953 9 



The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 10 



Geneva Conventions of 1958 12 



Deficiencies of the Geneva Conventions 13 



III. Seabed Resources 15 



Deposits on the Seabed Surface 15 



Building Materials 15 



Heavy Minerals 16 



Phosphorite 16 



Manganese Nodules 18 



Red Sea Geothermal Deposits 19 



Other Surface Deposits 20 



Deposits Below the Seabed Surface 20 



Petroleum 21 



Other Subsurface Deposits 24 



Resources of the Oceans 25 



Food from the Sea 25 



Fish Protein Concentrate 26 



Aquaculture 26 



Drugs from the Sea 26 



Sea Water and its Minerals 27 



rV. Technology and Economics 28 



Harvesting Hard Minerals from the Seabed 28 



Phosphorite 30 



Manganese Nodules 33 



Commercial Recovery of Offshore Petroleum 34 



Exploration 34 



Drilling 35 



Production 36 



Future Trends 37 



Supply and Demand 40 



V. Policy for Seabed Resources 43 



Policy for Submarine Mining 43 



Policy for Offshore Petroleum 44 



General Policy for Seabed Resources 46 



VI. International Concern 46 



Organizations for Marine Activities 47 



Non- Governmental Organizations 48 



Intergovernmental Organizations 48 



VII. U.N. Activities Concerning Seabed Resources 50 



Emergence of the Malta Proposal 51 



Organization of the U.N. Seabed Committee 53 



Legal Subcommittee 55 



Economic and Technical Subcommittee 55 



International Machinery 56 



(V) 



