112 



Article lo 



1. An island is a naturally formed area 

 of land, surrounded by water, which is above 

 water at high tide. 



2. The territorial sea of an island is meas- 

 ured in accordance with the provisions of 

 these articles. 



Article ii 



1. A low-tide elevation is a naturally 

 formed area of land which is surrounded by 

 and above water at low-tide but submerged 

 at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is 

 situated wholly or partly at a distance not 

 exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea 

 from the mainland or an island, the low- 

 water line on that elevation may be used 

 as the baseline for measuring the breadth of 

 the territorial sea. 



2, Where a low-tide elevation is wholly 

 situated at a distance exceeding the breadth 

 of the territorial sea from the mainland or 

 an island, it has no territorial sea of its own. 



Article 12 



I. Where the coasts of two States are op- 

 posite or adjacent to each other, neither of 

 the two States is entitled, failing agreement 

 between them to the contrary, to extend its 

 territorial sea beyond the median line every 

 point of which is equidistant from the nearest 

 points on the baselines from which the 

 breadth of the territorial seas of each of the 

 two States is measured. The provisions of 

 this paragraph shall not apply, however, 

 where it is necessary by reason of historic 

 title or other special circumstances to delimit 

 the territorial seas of the two States in a 

 way which is at variance with this provision. 

 2. The line of delimitation between the 

 territorial seas of two States lying opposite 

 to each other or adjacent to each other shall 

 be marked on large-scale charts officially rec- 

 ognized by the coastal States. 



Article 13 



If a river flows directly into the sea, the 

 baseline shall be a straight line across the 

 mouth of the river between points on the 

 low-tide line of its banks. 



Section III. Right of Innocent 

 Passage 



sub-section a. rules applicable to 

 all ships 



Article 14 



1. Subject to the provisions of these arti- 

 cles, ships of all States, whether coastal or 

 not, shall enjoy the right of innocent passage 

 through the territorial sea. 



2. Passage means navigation through the 

 territorial sea for the purpose either of tra- 

 versing that sea without entering internal 

 waters, or of proceeding to internal waters, 

 or of making for the high seas from internal 

 waters. 



3. Passage includes stopping and anchor- 

 ing, but only in so far as the same are 

 incidental to ordinary navigation or are ren- 

 dered necessary by force majeure or by 

 distress. 



4. Passage is innocent so long as it is not 

 prejudicial to the peace, good order or se- 

 curity of the coastal State. Such passage 

 shall take place in conformity with these 

 articles and with other rules of international 

 law. 



5. Passage of foreign fishing vessels shall 

 ♦ot be considered innocent* if they do not 



observe such laws and regulations as the 

 coastal State may make and publish in 

 order to prevent these vessels from fishing 

 in the territorial sea. 



6. Submarines are required to navigate on 

 the surface and to show their flag. 



Article 15 



I. The coastal State must not hamper 

 innocent passage through the territorial sea. 



