PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM IN OCEANOGRAPHY 3 



elements from sea water, such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, 

 and other elements known to abound on the ocean floor, as 

 soon as the processes are developed to make it economically- 

 feasible. 



To predict, and perhaps some day to control, changes in 

 weather and climate is of the utomost importance to man 

 everywhere. These changes are controlled to a large and yet 

 unknown extent by what happens in the ocean. Ocean and 

 atmosphere work together in a still mysterious way to deter- 

 mine our climate. Additional research is necessary to iden- 

 tify the factors in this interplay. 



These are some of the reasons which compel us to embark 

 upon a national effort in oceanography. * * * 



WHAT THE BILL DOES: SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS 



Section 1 identifies the legislation as the "Oceanographic Act of 

 1962." 



Section 2 declares it to be the policy of the United States to develop 

 and maintain a coordinated, comprehensive, and long-range national 

 program in oceanography. In furtherance of this policy it is declared 

 that adequate provision must be made for continuing, systematic 

 research, studies, and surveys of the ocean and its resources, and of 

 the total marine environment. 



It is further declared to be the policy of the United States to imple- 

 ment such national program through the balanced participation and 

 cooperation of all qualified persons, organizations, institutions, agen- 

 cies or corporate entities, whether governmental, educational, non- 

 profit, or industrial. 



It is the intent of this section to make it clear that a program of 

 the breadth and magnitude here envisaged can be fully effective only 

 if all the available knowledge, skills, and energies of the Nation are 

 called upon. For example, research projects should be carried out 

 through utilization of all appropriate means, including "in-house" 

 capabilities, grants, and contracts. 



Section 3 places the primary responsibility for assuring the imple- 

 mentation of the national program within the newly created Office of 

 Science and Technology in the Executive Office of the President. 



The Office of Science and Technology, established by Reorganiza- 

 tion Plan No. 2 of 1962, is directed to establish the program. To that 

 end it is further directed to issue a statement of national goals, includ- 

 ing methods for achieving those goals, and defining the responsibility 

 of the departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United 

 States to carry out the national program on an integrated, coordi- 

 nated basis. 



For long-range flexibility subsection 3(b) provides that the program 

 may be revised from time to time as determined by the Office. 



Subsection 3 (c) requires consultation by the Office with aU interested 

 departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States, as 

 well as capable non-Federal institutions and industrial concerns where 

 appropriate. 



In connection with the provisions of section 3, the following state- 

 ment contained in the recent "Report to the President on Government 

 Contracting for Research and Development" (sometimes referred to 



