CHOCTAW— ENGLISH 



a, the first letter of the alphabet, sounded 

 as a in father. 



a (when followed by a verb beginning 

 with a consonant), adv. or locative par- 

 ticle or prefix, means there, in that place, 

 at that time, at, from, on, in, of, by; 

 when the verb begins with 'a vowel, 

 a becomes ai; aelmmpa, to bury at; 

 aminti, to come from; aiilli, to die at 

 or in. a and ai are used where in Eng- 

 lish place is used; nusi, to sleep; anusi, 

 a sleeping place; aiimpa, an eating 

 place, a plate, dining room, table; chik- 

 aiamiho, repeated in Matt. 5: 35; of, in 

 chianukshopa, he is afraid of you; chi- 

 atoba, he is begotten of you: by, in aiok- 

 cha n ya, to live by, Matt. 4: 4: used as 

 a sign of the future tense; chi chia, cf. 

 John 1: 49; achi n , ahe, ahinla; atuk, 

 ashke, as satoshbihashke; siakmat, hymn 

 66, v. 2: prefixed to a verb often 

 changes the verb to a noun, as aminti, 

 a source; literally, to come from; ishl 

 ahachia, see John 15: 3; aiatta, a resi- 

 dence; lit., to stay at. a and ai are 

 much used as prefixes in compound- 

 ing words: prefixed to some cardinals 

 the latter become ordinals, as tukio, two; 

 atukla, second; atuchina, third; and be- 

 fore a vowel a becomes ai, as ushta, 

 four; aiushta, fourth: an intensive be- 

 fore consonants; aputta, abillia, afehna: 

 used before tuk and tok and their com- 

 pounds a partakes of the sense of a defi- 

 nite article or of a relative pronoun. 

 Sabannahatuk, that which I wanted; 

 "This is used when the person has 

 some doubt as to obtaining the thing 

 sought, while sabannashke indicates a 

 certainty in the expectation. " — J. Hud- 

 son. 



a, ah, v. a. i., to say, to tell, to call; a- 

 li, I say; alikamo, I did say, and you 

 know it; imalikashkint, I told him 

 so before, or that is what I told him, 

 and you heard it (kashkint implies 

 previous knowledge on the part of the 

 hearer as well as on that of the speaker) ; 

 alalie keyu, I should not call, Acts, 

 10:28. 



a n [cf. at]. 1. A determinative particle 

 in the objective case after nouns and 

 meaning the; as, wak an pisali, I see the 

 cow. Sometimes this article is pro- 

 nounced hait and yan [cf. hat and yqt] 

 for euphony. It is alsoa sign of, or with, 

 the future tense, and is used as a par- 

 ticle of specification or emphasis after 

 verbs in present, future, and past tenses; 

 i n nnkhanklotoka n , Luke 10: 37; katimichi- 

 lahea n , future tense, Luke 18: 41; hopo- 

 nayolahe a^, Luke 18: 41. See Matt. 15: 

 31 for instances in the past tense; [also] 

 onanshahatok, Matt. 28: 2. Cheluselem 

 an, Jerusalem it, Matt. 2:1. 2. A rela- 

 tive pronoun in the objective case after 

 verbs and adjectives and equivalent to 

 the English relatives the which, the 

 one which, that which, etc. It may 

 also be translated by the personal pro- 

 nouns him, her, it, them, as Lakab a", 

 Rachab her, Matt. 1:5. It is sometimes 

 written ha n or ya n ; cf. hat and yqt. The 

 aspirated forms are ah, hah, and yah. 



a n , a dative pronoun first per. sing., my; 

 to or for me; as, a n holisso, my book. 

 Written also am and an; as amisuba, my 

 horse, lit., horse to or forme; a n holi- 

 topa, Matt. 3: 17. When it stands be- 

 fore a verb, or a word where a verb is 

 understood, it is generally translated by 

 a preposition; as, for me, to me, of me, 

 from me; a n holissochi, w T rite for me, or 

 to me; a n pota, lend me; a n chumpa, buy 

 of me, or buy for me; written also am, 

 as amithana, to learn of me. In the 

 negative forms this pronoun is written 

 sa n and sam; asiksa n chumpo, iksamikslio, 

 I have none, or there is none by me; 

 chiksa n peso, you have not seen of mine, 

 or for me. 



abaha, n., a mortar for mixing meat and 

 corn by beating or braying; a meat 

 mortar. 



abaiya, n., the side, as the side of a 

 creek, swamp, or road. 



abaiya, v. a. i., to be along the side of; 

 to lie along the side of. 



