560 Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant on 



civali (which is easily distinguished by having the middle pair 

 of tail-feathers black) belong to a section of the black-headed 

 group of Orioles with the inner webs of the innermost 

 secondanj quills deep black and the outer webs olive margined 

 with pale yellow. 0. monachus and O. m. permistus belong 

 to a different section of the black-headed group with the 

 outermost secondary quills olive on both webs, only the inner 

 margin being dusky. It is useful to bear these differences 

 in mind as the birds are so much alike in general appearance 

 that 0. I. rolleti, were it not for its bright yellow rump, 

 might easily be mistaken for 0. m. permistus. 



18. Oriolus monachus. 



Oriolus monachus Gmel. ; Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1904, 

 p. 256. 



Oriolus monachus monachus Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, 

 p. 232. 



Oriolus meneliki Blund. & Lovat ; Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 

 1900, p. 122, pi. ii.; Salvadori, Ibis, 1900, p. 398; Ogilvie- 

 Grant, Ibis, 1900, p. 565, figs. ]-2. 



The McMillan collection contains a fine series of this 

 interesting Oriole procured in the Managasha Forest near 

 Addis Abbaba in October and November. The series is a 

 very instructive one and clearly shows that the birds with a 

 subterminal black band across the outer pairs of tail-feathers, 

 described as O. menelild, ai'e not really separable from 

 typical examples of O. monachus with the outer tail-feathers 

 entirely yellow, both forms being found together in the same 

 locality, and every intermediate kind of black marking, from 

 a nearly obsolete bar to a strongly marked one, being found 

 in different examples. The series proves that the various 

 markings of the tail-feathers which are so puzzling are 

 purely individual in ciiaracter and have nothing to do either 

 with age or with sex. Among three young birds with black 

 bills, traces of yellow on the throat and yellow edges to tho 

 greater wing-coverts — all sure signs of immaturity — one has 

 the three outer pairs of tail-feathers entirely yellow, with 

 only a trace of olive at the base of the fourth pair ; a second 



