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Fig. 12. Hydrographical sectiuii of the North eastern Atlantic from the Submarine Kidge between Iceland ami the 



The continuous lines are isotherms, the broken lines isohalius; the 



3. Coal fis h (Gudus virens L.) 



Both the northern and southern limits lie within the regions investigated. As the 

 coaltish requires greater depths and higher salinities (certainly more than 35-15 "Im) and 

 temperatures' for reproduction than the cod, the spawning region is somewhat more re- 

 stricted than that of the latter species. 



With regard to the depths the coalfish helongs to the gadoids which require deepest 

 water; thus no spawning or very little occurs at depths less than lOU meters. 



The greatest production of the fry takes place ofl' the S. and S. W. of Iceland and 



' That the coaltisli reipiives great depths is seen amongst other things from the absence of sjiawn- 

 ing in tlie Chaiuiel; that it requires muth liigher salinities from the absence of spawning in tlie Skager 

 Kak and |tliat it requires higher temperatures from tlie fact that on the west coast of Iceland it does 

 not reproduce so far nortli as tlie cod. 



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Fœroes to the north coast of Spain. Prepared by cand. mag. I. N. Nielsen from Ids oliscrvation oulward the "Thor", 

 dark continuous line indicates contour of the bottom 



especially off the Fœroes and in the northernmost part of the North Sea, but there is no 

 production on the N. and E. of Iceland, in the Skager Kak", iu the southern part of the 

 North Sea nor in the Channel or Bay of Biscay. OH' the British Atlantic coasts the coal- 

 fish spawns in great quantities. 



The boundaries for the spawning are: 



northern limit: oft' W. and S.K. Iceland; 



southern limit: the waters S. of Ireland and W. of the Channel: 



minimum temperature: ca. 5'/ä°— 6°: 



maximum temperature: ca.O°— 10°; 



principal spawning time: end of winter and in spring. 



' ' \\\ the Southern Kattegat and lUltic, where all stages of the coalfish are rare or ipiite wanting, 

 spawning is naturally excluded un account of the low salinity and small depths. 



