56 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



fisherman, who is the only person who can make use of the scientific information 

 in fish catching. By this I think I mean that what we now require is something 

 very like the 4-H club, county agent, university extension type system of com- 

 munication that exists between the lang-grant colleges (particularly) and the far- 

 mers on a grass-root and all other levels in this country. We now have know- 

 ledge and understanding at the scientist and university level that could be use- 

 fully employed at the fisherman's level if it could be gotten to him in a form he 

 could use. The machinery does not exist for doing this, and I do not believe that 

 this can be fully done by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries any more than it 

 can be done in the farming field alone by the Department of Agriculture. On the 

 other hand I believe that the BCF is required to play as full a role in this sea- 

 education system as does the Department of Agriculture in the land-grant col- 

 lege, extension service, county agent system in the farming field. 



Beyond this, and supporting it, I believe that we need a few universities 

 (and probably four or five) who give a solid sea-slant to almost the full range of 

 university education. The way things are developing at the University of Rhode 

 Island seems to me to be the direction in which we should move more firmly 

 here and at a few other similar locations. Here there is a Graduate School of 

 Oceanography which is growing rapidly into a center of excellence in the doing of 

 ocean research on a broad basis and the training of ocean scientists on a simi- 

 larly broad range but high quality level. The sort of training and research done 

 by this school seems to me to be not only satisfactory but excellent for the top 

 educational range of the activity I am talking about. It only requires to be sup- 

 ported somewhat more actively. Similar institutions to build on exist at the Uni- 

 versity of Miami, University of California at San Diego, Oregon State University, 

 University of Washington, University of Alaska, and University of Hawaii. 



At Rhode Island, however, has been added another essential ingredient not 

 yet done so well elsewhere, to my knowledge. Here the Geography Department 

 is slanting its activity toward the geography of the ocean. The agricultural econ- 

 omists are slanting their activity toward marine economics, fishermen's coop- 

 eratives, fishermen's education, and the practical things of the sea business. 

 The political science people are paying particular attention to the political science 

 of ocean affairs, in which as a nation we are most deficient. The legal people are 

 having a look at the law of the sea and what that means to ocean development. 

 The Public Health Service is working diligently on problems related to the ef- 

 fects of pollution on the production and utilization of marine foods. To this needs 

 to be added, in my view, a more vigorous input on ocean engineering, the tech- 

 nology of naarine food preservation and utilization, and the sociology of marine 

 activities. 



I think that what is being initiated at the University of Rhode Island through 

 the vision and energy of the president and his faculty is precisely what we need 

 on a somewhat broader basis here and at several other points in the country. I 

 believe this conforms quite closely to Dean Spilhaus's concept of a sea-grant 

 university, and it certainly leads strongly in the direction I have been talking 

 about --that what we need is a full fledged University of the Sea where the whole 

 range of man's relationship with the ocean, in the humanities as well as the 

 sciences, can be examined and taught in the same full manner as the Land-Grant 

 College System does for the land-people. 



The means by which the support should be derived I leave to others. I do 

 believe, however, that the prime support should come from the federal govern- 

 ment and that this should have input from the Department of the Interior and the 

 Department of Commerce, as well as through the Department of Health, Educa- 

 tion and Welfare. 



I wish I could say that the prime moving agent from the federal side would 

 be the Department of Marine and Atmospheric Affairs, so boldly envisioned by 

 Senator Muskie and his 17 senatorial colleagues in (S. 2251), but apparently this 

 must wait a little yet until the public and the government realize how badly we 

 need such a development in our governmental apparatus. 



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