SEA GRANT COLLEGES 71 



of products in 1963 would have required added resources of around $5 billion 

 annually. Therefore, the total savings in resources amounted to approximately 

 $13 billion in 1963. Once achieved, the economic gains from increased effi- 

 ciency continue to benefit consumers each year. Research-based increases in 

 efficiency of producing, processing, and marketing of farm products, accumu- 

 lated for the last 10 years, represent savings to the nation of around $70 billion 

 worth of labor, capital, and other resources. Additional efficiencies arising 

 from new technology will make these savings even greater in future years. 



Exports of food and fiber products are of utmost importance to American 

 agriculture and to the American economy. One out of four acres of cropland in 

 this country today is producing for export. Agricultural exports, running to an 

 all-time high this year of $6.3 billion, account for more than a fourth of the 

 nation's total earnings from the sale of merchandise abroad. This record vol- 

 ume of farm exports has become an important contributor to domestic economic 

 activity as well as an aid in meeting our foreign commitments and foreign policy 

 objectives. 



LAND AND SEA 



When one considers the low correlation between the location of the world's 

 areas of population concentration and the areas of productive soil a conaplex 

 problem is presented. In a paper entitled Food from the Sea, presented October 

 19, 1965 at the annual meeting of the Agricultural Research Institute, National 

 Academy of Sciences, Dr. Chapman considered the great potential of the sea as 

 a source of food. In his paper. Dr. Chapman indicated that much of this food re- 

 source is lost at the present time. With adequate knowledge the resource of food 

 from the sea can do much to erase hunger from the earth (9). 



The objective of providing an adequate food supply for all of the peoples of the 

 world brings the analogy of the land- grant -and the sea-grant college into close 

 association. The research, educational and developmental tasks required will 

 need a crew representing competence in many disciplines. 



FEDERAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH AND GOALS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 



The increase in federal funds available for research by universities since 

 the Second World War has received the attention of both educators and govern- 

 ment science administrators. The concentration of funds at a limited number of 

 institutions in relation to the possible effects on teaching and research at smaller 

 institutions continues to receive attention. 



In hearings before a subcommittee of the House Committee on Government 

 Operations held on June 14, 15 and 17, 1965, "Conflicts Between Federal Re- 

 search Programs and the Nation's Goals for Higher Education" were reviewed 

 (10, pp. 51-202). 



Award of research grants on excellence criteria is discussed in relation to 

 the more adequate use and development of research and teaching talent at small- 

 er institutions. The smaller college without an established reputation in science, 

 or with inadequate scientific equipment is usually at a disadvantage for develop- 

 ing a close relationship between teaching and research. 



A federal research funding arrangement (institutional grant) that will give 

 the university greater opportunity for developing desirable teaching and research 

 assignments is considered. It is suggested that if up to 25 per cent of the federal 

 research funds at a university could be institutional grants, the universities 

 would have greater flexibility in more effectively meeting problems of research 

 and teaching assignments. 



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