SEA GRANT COLLEGES 87 



more realistic and equitable by establishing certain operational rules. Sugges- 

 tions are: 



1. Institutions that have shown no interest in marine science or in the sea- 

 grant program to date should be eliminated. 



2. Implementing legislation should be framed so that competent marine 

 institutions are selected. It should not be inevitable that existing land- 

 grant colleges have an edge merely because they are land- grant institu- 

 tions. Many land-grant colleges have exhibited no interest or have no 

 special capabilities in marine science. We don't want to set the mechan- 

 ism so that the land-grant colleges are certain to become the sea-grant 

 colleges regardless of the interests and capabilities of other public 

 marine -oriented institutions. 



3. The program should be further limited to institutions with ready access 

 to the sea or the Great Lakes. I realize there are problems and I rea- 

 lize that I may get stepped on before the meeting is over, but I agree 

 with Dr. Fye who pointed out that ready access to the marine environ- 

 ment (or to the Great Lakes, which by-legislation have become marine 

 environments) is an important asset that any participating institution 

 should have. From a politically practical point of view, it would appear 

 as though (now I am way out of my field) support for such a program 

 with these limiting features would not be hard to secure because most 

 of the people, and hence political power, in the country are located 

 either in coastal or Great Lakes states, and support of legislators could 

 be obtained by swapping. In other words, I doubt that there will be any 

 serious problems posed by limiting this program to the Great Lakes and 

 coastal states. 



It is obvious that the magnitude of the problems of the sea and problems of 

 developing techniques for utilization for marine resources are great. What is 

 needed is more integrated activity between basic and applied science, more 

 marine engineering and more adequate continuous institutional support. The 

 proposed source of financing specified by Senator Pell's bill is good. However, 

 for adequate financing of the program we need money that can be counted on in 

 significant amounts for a long period of time. Is it possible that support from a 

 portion of the federal lease taxes on mineral resources, as proposed by Senator 

 Pell, could be augmented by regular allotment from the duties on fishery product 

 imports? Inasmuch as both are marine resources there is ample justification 

 for utilizing these funds for this purpose. , Because of the general importance of 

 marine resources to the nation, support from the regular budget is also justi- 

 fiable. 



To summarize, I wish to reiterate my strong support of the sea-grant col- 

 lege-university program as presented here and urge that all support it. 



Francis H. Horn 



Dean Knauss, ladies and gentlemen: I take it that everyone here is fully 

 committed to a significant increase in attention to the marine sciences so that 

 the question is how this can best be done. The analogy with the land-grant uni- 

 versity is a brilliant one, it seems to me, and Dr. Spilhaus will, I hope, go down 

 in history as one of the great benefactors of mankind for having fathered the 

 idea, along with Senator Pell, as another, for having the judgment and the per- 

 spicacity to translate the vision of Dr. Spilhaus into political reality. But the 



61 



