SEA GRANT COLLEGES 91 



sea, extend the state's own existing interest into the sea. I agree completely 

 with President Horn that we must not go into this new concept with funds re- 

 stricted to a project basis. We must have unrestricted institutional funds so 

 that people can wander around, have an idea and follow it wherever it takes them 

 and not put blinders on them. The best things I've ever gotten out of libraries 

 is when I've gone in knowing exactly what I wanted to look for, but then found on 

 the stacks that the book next door was much more interesting and led me off on 

 a tangent which resulted in a far more fruitful investigation than the one I started 

 on. A certainamount of thiskindof randomness is the essential to creativity. 



FOLLOWING THESE OPENING STATEMENTS, THERE WAS GEN- 

 ERAL DISCUSSION. INCLUDING QUESTIONS FROM THE FLOOR. 

 WHAT FOLLOWS IS A SUMMARY OF THIS DISCUSSION AND THE 

 CLOSING STATEMENTS OF THE PANEL MEMBERS. 



FYE 



John, I too have been surprised at the amount of agreement in this large 

 group of oceanographers. But I would like to comment on the problem of how 

 you start, and how you select the colleges, and how many sea-grant colleges 

 you have. I'm not sure about this, but I don't think that this should be restricted 

 to a very small number. Admittedly, starting any new program with limited 

 funds necessarily means that you must start small and with a very few parti- 

 cipants. But it seems to me that we're not very far from the time when we need 

 to have a form of marine science and ocean engineering in every decent univer- 

 sity. All universities are now teaching something about one form of engineering 

 or mathematics or physics. I think the oceans are such a vital part of human 

 endeavor that their study must be a part of many universities. Maybe the> 

 don't all need it, but the concept that all universities should have the availability 

 of intellectual pursuit in this area is a sound one. 



HORN 



May I start an argument? As a university president, this is the sort of 

 point of view that gives the university president nightmares. This is what he 

 hears all the time. "We can't be a great university unless we have a Ph.D. 

 program in every one of the disciplines, across the board." The fact of the 

 matter is, gentlemen, this concept has got to go out the window for any except 

 universities like California, Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, the really large, 

 extremely well supported institutions. The smaller university simply cannot 

 look forward to this sort of a proposal, and it seems to me that one of the major 

 areas where this goal can be accomplished most easily in terms of preparing 

 for a specialized approach to it, is in oceanography, because, as has been pointed 

 out here, it's a graduate discipline. It's based upon the fundamental sciences 

 and mathematics. This can be done in every university, but one can't afford to 

 establish a graduate program leading to a Ph.D. in every single one of these 

 fifty state institutions plus another twenty -five of the major private ones. Now, 



65 



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