SEA GRANT COLLEGES 93 



with the speaker this morning that we must only support those universities 

 which are now in the business. There may be some very good universities that 

 have unique opportunities in this field that are not now in oceanography, but 

 ought to be. I don't know what North Carolina's doing, for example, but it ought 

 to be in the business in a big way, I should think. So, take half of the money and 

 assign it to the institutions designated as sea- grant universities, and take half 

 of it for projects available to all universities. Actually, under the land-grant 

 system, there are certain funds in agriculture that are allocated on a project 

 basis, although most of the money is handled regionally. This way would make 

 it possible to continue the individual research of people interested in the marine 

 sciences, no matter where they work, even in a small college. At the same time 

 the program would start out with a modest but very helpful half million dollars 

 a year, perhaps, to ten institutions, and this money would really make the differ- 

 ence between a real center of excellence in oceanography and a mediocre one. 



CASTLE 



I would like to make just one point relative to the earlier question that was 

 raised about pay-off. This is one reason why I feel it's exceedingly important 

 if you go ahead with the idea of the sea-grant university to incorporate adult 

 education or extension into the program. The period of the pay-off will be much 

 shorter, the closer you get to the industry which you are trying to help. In most 

 of the industries I'm familiar with, there is usually considerable basic knowledge 

 that is not being applied. Now then, if this is true, as someone said about the 

 fisheries industry this morning, there may be information here that can be ap- 

 plied immediately. It may very well be that it won't take five years to get some 

 pay-off in certain areas. 



FYE 



I'd like to return just a moment to what I thought was an enlightened con- 

 cept suggested by Wilbert Chapman earlier this morning. The more I think of 

 it, the more I think that he was absolutely correct when he said that sea-going 

 people are different from land people. It is important in our thinking about sea- 

 grant colleges that we plan from the beginning to have a successful conquest of 

 the oceans, to attract to the problems related to the ocean a large number of 

 very intelligent people, and to insure that these sea people are well trained. I 

 don't think that we have done this adequately or very successfully in the past. 

 I think we can do a great deal better, and perhaps that's the answer as to why we 

 really and truly need to implement the sea-grant college idea. 



HARGIS 



I would say that we have discussed difficulties, perhaps prematurely- - 

 although this is what this forum was called for, of implementing the program. 

 Several of us, and I'm just as guilty as others, have interjected our own selfish 

 ambitions, and ambitions for our own programs, into the dicussion; but I wish 

 to say that in the sea-grant concept we have a good vehicle to attract public, 

 legislative, and executive support. The cause is good. Practical results with 



67 



