SEA GRANT COLLEGES 99 



ography with sea-grant colleges, then I think the program will go ahead. My 

 second point is, let's get a horse to ride that will carry this program through. 



My third point is that I think I can provide additional information on the 

 funds situation. The income from leases primarily for oil, gas and sulphur ex- 

 tractions, on the outer continental shelf, over the last ten years, brought in about 

 1.7 billion dollars. This is a little more than was mentioned a number of times 

 yesterday. Ten per cent of this could mean on an average about 17 million dol- 

 lars a year. Also, no one has mentioned the possibility of developing a program 

 that would involve matching funds. There is considerable precedence for this. 

 On a twenty-five per cent local contribution basis we are then talking about a 

 program something in excess of twenty million a year. This is a substantial 

 proportion of the present oceanographic effort. 



We might consider also, something higher than a ten per cent portion of 

 funds from leases. The Saltonstall- Kennedy program, administered by the 

 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the Interior Department, receives thirty 

 per cent of the import taxes on imported fishery products. It produces an in- 

 come for research and development purposes of about five million dollars per 

 year. So there is a precedent for a higher percentage of funds which are of 

 the nature being considered. There are also Dingle -Johns on and Pitman-Ro- 

 bertson funds used for fish and wildlife research, development and management 

 which are based on a tax from the sale of fishing tackle and hunting equipment. 

 This brings a program of about twelve to fifteen million dollars a year to the 

 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. The funds 

 are administered through state fish and game agencies. I understand that through 

 legislation a tax was instituted for this purpose. The public and the industry 

 involved pays for research and development. The same thing could be done as a 

 source of funds for the sea-grant colleges. 



I would like to make a next point that we consider a broad base of partici- 

 pation by institutions as sea- grant colleges. I think it would be a mistake to 

 restrict participation only to those institutions that have a water front or a sea 

 coast location. Ocean resource development includes a high interest in petro- 

 leum and in marine mining. The competence that has been developed at the 

 University of Wyoming or the University of Colorado, on how to break rocks, 

 could well be applied to marine mining problems. I suggest, therefore, that 

 there be a set of criteria developed that an institution would have to follow to 

 qualify as a sea- grant college. If an institution meets the criteria, then it could 

 participate. There would have to be travel to the ocean from inland locations 

 but we do this every day, 



I suggest also that we keep our eye on how industry might participate more 

 fully than their members are at the moment. To illustrate this, I state there are 

 now social and legalbarriers to attracting industries to work on ocean resources. 

 The present practice on the outer continental shelf is for industry, particularly 

 now the petroleum industry, to doits own exploration. This is mostly by seismic 

 shooting. Once an area is outlined as promising for oil production, the Interior 

 Department is asked to hold a lease sale which is done by bid. Companies will 

 bid on the areas that they want to lease. The sale goes to the highest bidder. It 

 is expensive to do the exploration but not so expensive that oil companies will 

 not do it. If we transfer this same system to ocean mining or possibly to off- 

 shore ocean farming for fish, an industry could spend thousands or millions of 

 dollars to define a resource. It could lose the sale to a higher bidder by a few 

 dollars. On this basis industry may not proceed with resource development. We 

 need to develop new kinds of social practices which will allow some kind of pro- 

 prietory right to industry so that it will spend high risk dollars for developments 

 in the ocean, 



I close by rephrasing in a slightly different way what has already been said 

 a number of times. And that is that we have as our goal extension of our 



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