144 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



Senator Pell. Right. If lie would like to sit with you at the table 

 he may do so. Any people in the audience interested in this subject 

 who cannot hear, wave your hand and we will ask the witnesses to 

 speak up or myself to speak up. 



Dr. Bates. We also have representatives of the Geological Survey 

 and the Bureau of Mines in the audience in case there are questions 

 you might like to address to them. 



With your permission, I would like to read a brief statement. 



Senator Pell. As you know, we have asked the witnesses to confine 

 themselves to 10 minutes on their presentation. 



Dr. Bates. I think that will be sufficient. 



Senator Pell. I think your statement is about 20 minutes. 



Dr. Bates. I will be glad to trim it down if it moves that far along. 



It is my pleasure to be here today on behalf of the Secretary on the 

 second day of your hearings on S. 2439 and the sea grant college 

 concept. 



I have been following Dean Spilhaus' idea with great interest ; from 

 the point of view of a university scientist as well as from my position 

 in the Department of the Interior. 



I am presently on leave from the Pennsylvania State University 

 which shares the honor with Michigan State of being one of the first 

 two land-grant colleges of the country. Although it is not situated on 

 the sea, nevertheless like many inland institutions, scientists, and en- 

 gineers in many of the departments at Penn State have outstanding 

 competencein oceanographic research and development. Several of 

 my university colleagues as well as a number of my associates in the 

 Department of the Interior have told me about the success of the Sea 

 Grant College Conference sponsored by the University of Rhode Island 

 last October. Since then I have read the proceedings of the conference 

 and a number of excellent releases about the concept. These have 

 brought forth many striking proposals and ideas for new and better 

 uses of the oceans. The complete record and information which 

 you have already developed on the opportunities which lie ahead 

 through expanded research and engineering approaches to ocean 

 developments leaves little room for an original or new contribution 

 from my Department. I have noted at least 20 imaginative suggestions 

 from Dr. Spilhaus which range all the way from a Lewis and Clarke 

 Expedition across the bottom'of the Atlantic and Pacific to a future 

 need for fish veterinarians to take care of fish in sea farms. I also 

 note the emphasis on the importance of engineering in developing the- 

 resources of the ocean. 



Mr. Spilhaus and others have described the special problems affect- 

 ing standard materials in the marine environment, such as corrosion, 

 fouling, and destruction by boring organisms. These are some of the 

 ocean engineering problems which man has been fighting for centuries. 

 But there are some new aspects of ocean engineering, however, which 

 we have scarcely recognized. These are the problems of using new 

 materials and new technology, already available for use on land, to- 

 develop imaginative new ways of harvesting ocean resources and to 

 create the kinds of oceanic condition which will improve upon the 

 natural productivity of the sea. To do this we must occupy the ocean, 

 not merely probe blindly through the surface or take momentary peeks 

 at its contents from small submersibles. There are rich prizes that lies 



