154 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



control them. If we are to become the master of the oceans we must 

 develop and implement bold techniques for exploiting ocean resources. 



We need an intensive study and overhaul of our entire fishing and 

 marine resource industries. We need a renaissance in oceanography, 

 aquaculture and marine mining which will move us out of the dark 

 ages of old-fashioned techniques, make our marine fleets again the 

 most powerful in the world and establish the United States as the 

 leader in marine and aquatechnology. 



Most important of all, however, we need to call dramatic attention to 

 the existence of this last great frontier. Just as sputnik caused a revo- 

 lution in space technology by concentrating national interest on the 

 conquest of outer space, the same sort of national interest must be 

 stmiulated in the conquest of ocean space. 



To put it simply, there are just not enough Americans at the present 

 time who know enough about or who are interested enough in the po- 

 tential of the sea to make possible of the commitment of men and re- 

 sources necessary to conquer the sea. We need a national program, a 

 program which will stimulate our young people while in college to 

 pursue careers in ocean science and technology, which will support 

 basic research, and wdiich will translate the results of this basic re- 

 search into practical programs attractive to private industry. 



Taken together Avith Senator Magnuson's bill to create a national 

 council to give policy guidance in the development of our marine re- 

 sources, the establishment of a national sea grant college program can 

 provide the foundation for this concerted national effort. 



There are already many institutions wdthin the United States which 

 are deeply involved in the study of marine science. Sea grant col- 

 leges would be developed through these institutions, by providing Fed- 

 eral funds to support and augment programs which are presently in 

 existence and by creating new programs. Through the facilities or a 

 university, science and technology will be applied to such areas as 

 underwater prospecting, pollution control, shipping and navigation, 

 mining, food resources and development, forecasting of weather and 

 clmiate, marine pharmocology and medicine and recreation. 



These sea grant colleges hopefully will do for the sea what land 

 grant colleges did for the land. The land grant college movement 

 caused an agricultural revolution in America. A small investment 

 in agricultural research brought forth great returns in terms of in- 

 creased production per acre, the release of workers from agriculture, 

 higher output per man-hour, new methods of farming, marketing 

 and conservation, and higher standards of living for the farmer and 

 his family. These colleges are a continuing source of research and 

 experimentation, keeping America's fanners aware of new tecluiiques 

 and knowledge in agricultural sciences and keeping our farmlands 

 among the highest producers in the world. 



Similarly, a sea grant college would have a grant of seashore or 

 lakeshore for experimental plots; it would receive Federal assistance 

 for educational programs in the related fields of oceanography, aqua- 

 culture and marine mining for research facilities in the practical 

 application of scientific research and techniques and for the creation 

 of extension services to disseminate this information to all fishermen 

 and oceanographers. 



