SEA GRANT COLLEGES 177 



naturally inclined to select those fundamental research proposals which 

 appear to be relevant to the fulfillment of the missions of the agencies. 



This, however, has created serious gaps in the support of funda- 

 mental science, so-called unfashionable science, which nonetheless 

 must provide the informational coherence needed in order to apply 

 the data resulting from other kinds of basic research. 



I envision that S. 2439 would provide the transitional or transla- 

 tional mechanism that the Hatch Act provided for the land-grant col- 

 leges and actually pull together programs for basic research which 

 could in turn nurture the mission-oriented interests of the several 

 agencies. Also, it would also provide a feedback mechanism, if you 

 please, whereby the agency interests and needs could be conveyed to 

 a center of scholarship and research and provide the broad program 

 frame of reference for fundamental research of primary concern to 

 the scholars and scientists but consistent with the long-range interests 

 of our Nation. 



Senator Pell. I find your answers a little confusing. To boil it 

 down, do you feel the empliasis on the application of knowledge, of 

 exploitation of knowledge, is good or poor 'i 



Dr. Galler. Good. Absolutely necessary. But I would also like 

 to point out, if I may, Mr. Chairman, that application is only as sound 

 as the pool of knowledge upon which it is based and I feel that we have 

 not acquired sufficient knowledge of tlie sea and the biota in the sea 

 to feel confident that we are ready for a broad, comprehensive, in-depth 

 application without additional basic research. 



Senator Pell. The purpose of this bill is not to add to that pool of 

 knowledge. The purpose of this bill is to utilize the knowledge we 

 already have. 



Dr. Galler. Yes, sir. I understand this. It is also my thought, 

 however, that the bill will provide a point of focus for more funda- 

 mental research. 



Senator Pell. I want to make it veiy clear that my own personal 

 thinking in proposing this idea w^as not that development. Obviously 

 you want basic research encouraged, but there is too little money and 

 it would be spread too thin and it is the practical application and the 

 use of it for the fishing industry, the tuna fisheries out in California, 

 the trawlers out of our own part of the country, the mineral people 

 in the South who could better use the knowledge we have. 



Dr. Galler. Yes. May I also take this opportunity to point out 

 that the bill will have a byproduct impact on basic science. It will 

 tend to stimulate scholarship, whether it is the primary intent of the 

 bill or not, and I think this augurs well. For example, I think it could 

 close a gap that has existed between the so-called limnological or fresh 

 water sciences and the marine sciences. 



Let me point out, if I may, that many of the leaders in oceanography 

 today are either first or second generation fresh water biologists, fresh 

 water geophysicists, who took their early training in institutions not 

 located on the coast but located in the interior of the country. Limnol- 

 ogy, or fresh water science has been and continues to be an important 

 educational resource for the training of scientists in the marine 

 sciences. 



Senator Pell. Thank you very much. 



Senator Murphy ? 



