SEA GRANT COLLEGES 179 



throughout tlie United States. In addition, the assignment of officer 

 subspeciaUsts in oceanography is coordinated between the Bureau of 

 Naval Personnel and my Office. In this role we are contmually striv- 

 ing to reach a fine mix of academic oceanography with those environ- 

 mental processes which may afi'ect both naval operations and systems. 

 Consequently, as oceanographer, I favor the "sea grant college" con- 

 cept of training and research, since all output from this type endeavor 

 must, of necessity, eventually assist the Government and Navy. 



While the sea grant college program is not designed specifically to 

 produce additional oceanographers per se, it relates to training in many 

 aisciplines as they pertain to the sea. In addition, the direction of 

 pure and applied research in study areas associated with the sea cannot 

 help but benefit both military and civilian approaclies aimed at the 

 conquest and use of that environment. 



Thus, the main purpose of my testimony this morning is to advise 

 you that my Office fully supports the major objectives of this proposal. 

 I have no specific knowledge of or recommendations to make with 

 respect to the various avenues wliich may be utilized to finance such a 

 proposal or, in fact, the requirements which should be laid upon any 

 college or university seeking grants under tliis program, if approved. 

 These are problems which fall outside the province of my Office. I can 

 only reiterate that a program along the lines as that discussed in the 

 "Conference on the Concept of the Sea Grant University" held in 

 Newport, R.I., in October 1965 along with the broad guidelines pro- 

 posed by the National Sea Grant Committee in February of this year, 

 cannot lielp but advance the state of academic preparation of our young 

 men and women. It is also quite evident that the additional educa- 

 tional programs provided in a sea grant college toward botli pure and 

 applied oceanographic research, will be of imriiense importance to the 

 many fields of endeavor developing in the oceans, whether they be 

 military or civilian, educational or operational, commercial or recrea- 

 tional. A greater output of personnel trained in either basic oceanog- 

 raphy or in fields such as engineering, meteorology, mining, food re- 

 sources, or shipping as they appl}^ to the world ocean, cannot help but 

 give a great boost to the efforts toward more effective utilization of 

 the oceans by our country. 



Thank you, sir. 



Senator Pell. Admiral Waters, your very title provides me the op- 

 portunity to bring up a point that has bothered me a little bit, and that 

 IS the term "oceanographer," or "oceanography." I found sometimes 

 the very mouthing of that word a little difficult as opposed to oceanol- 

 ogy and to my mind oceanology is a broader term. Oceanography — 

 1 have just had it looked up in the dictionary— has more to do with 

 something written on a chart or map, the mapping of, while "ology" 

 means science, a branch of loiowledge. 



Would not your title perhaps be more correctly that of "oceanologist 

 of the Navy"? 



Admiral Waters. Well, there are many opinions about this, sir. 



Senator Pell. What would be your views ? I would be very inter- 

 ested. 



Admiral Waters. Well, sir, I suppose my views can best be stated 

 by saying that the title of "Oceanographer of the Navy" was created 

 by Congress. It is pretty well understood throughout the country 



