SEA GRANT COLLEGES 203 



The first one is exploration. 



The second is appraisal of the overall natural constraints, limits 

 and opportunities of ocean use. 



The third heading; is the identification of general operational inade- 

 quacies and exploration of improved approaches. 



The fourth is interdisciplinary ocean tecluiology itself. 



The fifth relates to teclinical learning from nature's solutions to 

 oceanic problems. 



The sixth is the application of engineering and technical method- 

 ology and knowledge to ocean science. 



And the seventh is the problem of the identification of human needs 

 for and human constraints to ocean use. 



Now, a very brief summary which just involves two points. 



In order for a local marine station, as a sort of wet agricultural and 

 engineering experiment station, to be effective, it must be adjunctive to 

 a broad-scale ocean technology, paralleling, supporting, and mutually 

 drawing from an equally wide program of ocean science. 



And second, it must be closely associated with a first-rate imiversity, 

 with departments in geophysics and in the basic sciences and engineer- 

 ing and it will also avoid basic misidentification of needs if it main- 

 tains rapport with the humanities and economics departments of the 

 university. 



Thank you, Mr, Chairman. 



Senator Pell. Thank you very much. 



A couple of specific questions. Do you believe that there should be 

 a matching formula or not ? 



Dr. NiERENBERG. Well, you know. Senator, in my case that is a lead- 

 ing question. As director of the institution I am always desperate for 

 money. I always like to get as much as I can. Drawing on our own 

 history, the State of California supplies 20 percent of the operating 

 funds of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. I must say that 

 we find this support extremely beneficial in a variety of ways but the 

 most important is one I believe that was expressed by Dean Spilhaus, 

 that in a certain sense guarantees the strong interest and participation 

 of the State of California and the people of the State of California in 

 the operations of the institution. They take a very strong local in- 

 terest in the operation of the institution. 



Senator Pell. Do you have any thought as to what the acbninister- 

 ing agency for this program should be? Should it be the National 

 Science Foundation or Smithsonian or have you any views on that? 



Dr. Nierenberg. I certainly don't, and I think my colleagues do not 

 have any particular strong viewpoint either, Senator. We can cer- 

 tainly say we have been happy with our operations with respect to the 

 National Science Foundation. 



Senator Pell. All right. Thank you very much indeed for comhig. 

 I realize it was a very long trip from California here. 



(The prepared statement of Dr. Nierenberg follows :) 



Prepared Statement of Dr. William A. Nierenberg Director, Scripps 

 Institution of OcEANOGRApny, La Jolla, Calif. 



Mr. Chairman, I am grateful for the invitation to present my ideas on the 

 subject of the sea grant college. I have obtained a consensus of views from my 

 senior colleagues at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and we have agreed 

 that the special history of the institution as it began before 1900 and from the 



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