204 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



time it became a part of tbe University of California in 1912 put forward in 

 some detail along with some general remarks on ocean technology could provide 

 the subcommittee with the kind of practical information that could be useful in 

 evaluating the sea grant college concept. 



The University of California itself began as a land-grant college which de- 

 veloped into the famous institution of today. In many respects the Scripps 

 Institution of Oceanography has paralleled the development of the great institu- 

 tion that absorbed it in 1912. For one, it is devoted to research, with respect to 

 all things that have to do with the oceans — it is also a teaching institution, pro- 

 viding the graduate training for the granting of the Ph. D. in oceanography, 

 marine biology, and earth science. Our first Ph. D. was granted in 1930 and we 

 have to date granted 05 Ph. D.'s. The value of at least one aspect of a sea grant 

 college was early recognized by the State of California in that title to the beach 

 and an area extending 1,000 feet seaward from the institution was granted to 

 the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This grant is particularly valuable 

 in this instance because of the proximity of the Scripps and La Jolla submarine 

 canyons, which give us the effect of deep water research close to shore. The 

 value of this grant has been increased by a 1 square mile of preserve that is re- 

 served for the joint use of Scripps and NEL. 



While we are proud of the fame of our institution with respect to our voyages 

 of exploration and research in the deep oceans around the world, and I would 

 like to present the subcommittee with a chart of the tracks of all our voyages of 

 more than 1 month's duration since the year 1950, I speak today principally in 

 connection with other activities and organizational parts of the Scripps Institu- 

 tion of Oceanography which are also pertinent to the subject of the sea grant 

 college. 



There is first our marine life research group which is headed by Prof. John 

 Isaacs. This group is 17 years old and was established for the purposes of 

 translating and extending our scientific results to the better utilization of the 

 fisheries off the coast of California and Baja California. The marine life re- 

 search group has made those of its contributions that are of a practical nature 

 principally through the Oalcofi, that is the California Cooperative Fisheries In- 

 vestigation, which is a partnership between the University of California, the 

 State of California and the Federal Government with a few other contributing 

 agencies and is coordinated by the marine research committee of the State of 

 California. One of the principal results of this work was the establishment for 

 the first time of a fishery completely on the basis of scientific investigation. 

 This union of luiiversity, industry. Federal and State has been, and will continue 

 to be, very fruitful. 



The Institute of Marine Resources is a statewide university organization 

 housed ill Scripps and headed by Prof. Milner Schaefer. This institute which is 

 now 14 years old, was established to develop and apply the applied science 

 aspects of oceanography throughout the university system of the State of 

 California. 



Our marine physical laboratory, housed at Point Loina and headed by Prof. 

 Fred N. Spiess was established principally to work on problems of importance 

 to the U.S. Navy with respect to underwater physics, particularly sound and its 

 transmission. 



Our visibility laboratory at Point Loma, headed by Dr. Seibert Duntley, has 

 a variety of missions, but one of the most important is the practical problem of 

 light transmission and visibility. 



We also house the tuna commission and we are hosts to the Bureau of Com- 

 mercial Fisheries with w^hom we have cooperative programs. 



One of our divisions, the University of California Division of War Research 

 no longer exists but has been transmuted into the marine physical laboratory. 

 We can thus see how by steady growth in a space of over 70 years the Scripps 

 Institution of Oceanography, which is now a part of the new campus of the 

 University of California at San Diego, has become in a sense a kind of sea grant 

 college (or perhaps university would be a better description) of the kind some- 

 what akin to that which is proposed here. We believe we handle successfully 

 on one hand the teaching, basic research in oceanography, a fleet of eight ships, 

 a marshland reserve, our radio station and our various research divisions at the 

 same time that we have been able to set up the organizations for. and effectively 

 serve, the science, the university, the State of California, the United States and 

 international organizations, this later principally through UNESCO. 



For the past 10 years the oceanographers at Scripps have carried on continu- 

 ous study and discussion of the best way to contribute further to the advance 



