226 SEA GRA]VT COLLEGES 



Senator Pell. At this time I would like to pay particular tribute to 

 my own intellectual godfather, Dean Knauss, of the University of 

 Rhode Island, wlio presented his testimony at Rhode Island 2 days 

 ago, and is down here with Mr. Leslie of the university. 



Are there any additional points, Dean Knauss, that you think, hav- 

 ing heard testimony here, that you would like to offer or supplement 

 your views given m Kingston ? 



Dr. Knauss. No, sir. Not at this time. 



Senator Pell. Thank you. I would be most remiss, incidentally, if 

 I did not pay complete tribute to all the help that Dean Knauss has 

 been to me. When I started out on this, very much interested in the 

 field but very ignorant, he guided and helped me a great deal, and 

 it is our own university that has taken up a leading role in this and 

 has also helped inspire an interest in me. 



We also have, from the University of Maryland, Dr. Eugene Cronin, 

 whom I understood had a word he wanted to say and will submit a 

 written statement at a later date. 



STATEMENT OF DR. L. EUGENE CRONIN, DIRECTOR, CHESAPEAKE 

 BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OE MARYLAND 



Dr. Cronin. Thank you. Senator Pell. I will make this brief and 

 confine it to several specific points. 



I am the director of the university's Chesapeake biological labora- 

 tory and of its natural resources institute, and I had the advantage 

 of spending about 15 months in Europe visiting marine laboratories 

 prior to last September. Most of my attention was directed toward 

 marine biology, although I had some opportunity to see activities in 

 other fields. 



I did not have an opportimity to visit Russian activities, although 

 I talked with a nmnber of people who did. 



I feel a very strong sense of urgency in our competitive position in 

 many of the fields that you have touched on in this bill. I think that 

 the Russians are providing a degree of application, of dedication, of 

 expenditure in marine science that may produce changes, perhaps un- 

 expected changes, as important as they have in other fields in science. 



At the moment I would like to comment on two specific aspects of 

 the bill. One is the relation of the proposal to present State activities. 



In 1964 I conduced a survey of the oceanographic work being done 

 by States. I have a siunmaiy of that information and it shows that 

 at least 25 of the States at that time were directly engaged and invest- 

 ing in oceanographic work. In at least 20 of those States a university 

 or college was designated by the Stat© and was conducting a program 

 in oceanogra])hy. I have the details of the activities at this time. 



Very briefly, the States were spending about $7.5 million on 

 oceanographic 



Senator Pell. Excuse me. If you are going to submit a statement 

 at a later date, why don't you merely summarize it now. 



Dr. Cronin. Fine. The States were spending $7.5 million in re- 

 search in oceanography. They had about $20 million worth of facili- 

 ties and they had a staff of 831 people in related fields. There is a 

 substantial development — not all of it, of course — at universities. 



