SEA GRANT COLLEGES 227 



I would like to suggest, Senator, that the bill be considered with two 

 different emphases. One like the present emphasis and one some- 

 what different. 



I would like to suggest that pattern of matching grants to non- 

 Federal contributions to colleges and universities in marine sciences, 

 matching the contribution that is now made in education, in research 

 and in extension and application of science. On the matching end, 

 the non-Federal end, I would like to see included their facilities, 

 their staff and their operating expenses. This draws on the great 

 strength of local participation, supplements it in the national interest, 

 the investment, and would provide a tremendous stimulus for growth 

 at many centers throughout the United States. 



Along with this there must be a mechanism of screening for compe- 

 tence. This support should not encourage the development of 

 mediocrity. 



As a separate portion of the program I would strongly endorse 

 the concept that seems to be in the present bill, that is, institutional 

 grants to selected colleges and universities which are now outstanding 

 or show promise of distinguished contribution in the development 

 and application of marine science. I would remind you, sir, that 

 the University of Rhode Island not very long ago was not a major 

 contributor to this field. It had a young, relatively modest program, 

 like many others. The spark was struck, tremendous energy went 

 into the system and it has grown to its present degree of promise. 



Senator Pell. I would insert here your great tribute to its president. 

 Dr. Horn, and its dean, John Knauss. 



Dr. Cronin. It must always be possible to detect there institutions 

 that show promise for the future and not simply reward those which 

 have already accomplished something in the field. Thank you. 



Senator Pell. Thank you indeed. We look forward to your testi- 

 mony in the future. As would be expected amongst free thinking 

 professors and Americans, there is a considerable diversity of opinion. 

 I notice your views differ about 180 degrees from the previous witness 

 from Alabama. We will do our best to try and bring these various 

 views together and I hope that everybody will give a little in the final 

 support of the bill. 



(The prepared statement of Dr. Cronin, subsequently supplied, 

 follows:) 



Prepared Statement of Dr. L. Eugene Cronin, Director, Chesapeake Bio- 

 logical Laboratory and Natural Resources Institute, Uni\'ersity of 



Maryland 



The Sea Grant College and Program Act offers a vigorous and effective ap- 

 proach to problems of national importance. Maryland is reported to be the 

 oldest of the land-grant colleges, and I appreciate this opportunity to enter 

 into the discussion of the potentials of this nev^^ concept. 



Recently I spent 15 months in Europe for the Office of Naval Research visit- 

 ing marine laboratories throughout most of the Continent. I did not visit those 

 behind the Iron Curtain except for Yugoslavia, but I had an opportunity to dis- 

 cuss development in the U.S.S.R. with a number of individuals and to review 

 the reports of the members of the exchange committee on ocoam^raphy who 

 visited Rusia in 19G4. I feel a deep and growing concern that the high in- 

 tensity of Russian application of marine science may surpass us in fisheries and 

 in many other fields of marine application to a point of permanent and irretriev- 

 able damage to our economy and our political stature. In fisheries, the Russians 

 may have already mounted an "oceanographic sputnik" in their massive research 

 program throughout the world and their great fleets of trawlers and associated 



