242 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



first step — probably more acceptable than a cooperation in outer space, 

 since the latter is more sensitive militarily and provides narrower 

 opi)ortunities for human contact. 



On our part, we may be favorably inclined to such cooperation for the 

 same reason as the Soviets, i.e., as a potential counterbalance against 

 Communist China. Also, if properly designed, our cooperation with 

 the U.S.S.E,. in oceanography may serve as an additional instrument 

 of what George Kennan called the mellowing of the Soviet society. 



In the examples which I suggested, political goals and political pay- 

 offs would play a significant role, and if this is recognized by our 

 policymaking institutions and supported proportionately to the pro- 

 grams' political value, then many of the economic constraints in the 

 development of oceanology will be removed considerably sooner than 

 would be the case otherwise. Similarly, our civilian oceanic R. & D. 

 can proceed much further and much faster if the interests of the U.S. 

 Navy are considered and naval cooperation is obtained. The mining 

 of the ocean bottom can provide our submarines with stations and 

 sources of supply. Nonmilitary presence in the oceans can provide 

 the IS'avy with navigational assistance, information, and can deny 

 footholds to a potential enemy. 



In sum, an effective and rapid exploitation of the potential of the 

 oceans can be brought about if we view the problem not only from 

 the point of view of the domestic needs of our economy at this time, but 

 if we integrate the present and future needs of our economy with the 

 needs of our foreign policy and defense. Again, continuous research 

 and personnel trained in this interdisciplinary function of integrating 

 various interests of our society will be needed, and centers for this 

 purpose should be developed in selected sea grant universities. 



In view of these considerations, I would like to suggest the follow- 

 ing amendments to S. 2439 : 



(1) Section 2, subsection (c), last line: the words "in the world" 

 should be deleted and the following should be inserted : "as the leader 

 of tlie free world." This would give a hint of policy orientation with 

 respect to foreign affairs. 



(2) Section 2, subsection (d), paragraph (1) : at the end of para- 

 graph (1) should be added "and in their social implications, both do- 

 mestic and international." 



(3) Section 3, subsection (a), with respect to the new clause (10) 

 of the NSF Act of 1950, after the words "and research in the marine 

 sciences," I suggest the following insert: "and in their social impli- 

 cations." 



I believe that with these modifications, S. 2439 will be better equipped 

 to meet the need of this Nation with respect to the potential of the 

 oceans. 



Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



Senator Pell. Thank you very much, Dr. Basiuk. 



Actually, the thoughts that you have advanced have great interest. 

 I think they would change the purpose of the bill, though, because 

 this is not in any way a cold war bill or national strategy bill. This is 

 a basic learning bill. And I think if we adopted your suggested 

 amendments, it would change somewhat the cast of the bill. But you 

 may be sure that these amendments will be considered and they are 

 in the record. 



I particularly appreciate the way you gave us specific language 

 which is always a great help, and I thank you for your statement. 



