SEA GRANT COLLEGES 245 



small program, I think this would be most useful, too. But it would 

 be disastrous to the program so to weaken the first part of it by the 

 second that we do not have massive programs to support large sea 

 grant colleges. The idea of a critical mass is most important here: 

 There must be a minimum size of institution to produce the kind of 

 practical results that you envision. 



Senator Pell. The thought that what we were developing was not 

 exclusive. The thought was that maybe a third of the funds would be 

 allocated on the seed money, matching grant basis, on application and 

 the two-thirds would be on the merit grant basis. There are a variety 

 of reasons why this would be good, one of them being the encourage- 

 ment of the diversification of interest throughout the country in 

 oceanology amongst the younger people of our Nation, and the other 

 is also from the viewpoint of securing perhaps broader national sup- 

 port for the bill. 



Dr. Idyll. I think this is a very good idea, sir. My prejudice 

 naturally is toward the large oceanographic institutions because I 

 represent one. However, if I worked for a small college and wanted 

 to get into oceanography, I would certainly feel this would be worth 

 while, and as a citizen of the United States, apart from my prejudice, 

 I think this would be a good idea. 



Senator Pell. I recognize the extreme merit of your own insti- 

 tution. In fact, we in Rhode Island think on the Atlantic seaboard 

 it is second only to ours. [Laugliter.] 



Dr. Idyll. Tliat is very kind of you, sir. We have a slightly dif- 

 ferent ranking, but we won't pursue that. 



The matter of matching funds is most important to us, Mr. Chair- 

 man. I represent a private university. If it were required that a- 

 certain proportion of matching dollars be put into the program, we 

 would not be able to be a sea grant college. 



It seems to me that there are two reasons for suggesting matching 

 funds, in tlie first place, they would increase the amount of money 

 and therefore the effectiveness of the program. If they doubled the 

 amount of money, they presumably would double the effectiveness. 

 Clearl}^ more money for research is highly desirable. 



The other reason for matching funds is to have an institution show 

 its serious intent. If a school is not willing to put up something to 

 make this program go, perhaps it does not deserve to have money from 

 another source. 



There is a parallel in our foreign aid program. The foreign aid of 

 the United States would have been much more effective if we had 

 asked for matching funds some way, perhaps not dollar for dollar 

 or even fractions of dollars for dollars, but some kind of commitment. 



My view, Mr. Chairman, is that a matching commitment — and let's 

 not call it funds because again the University of Miami has no way 

 of providing matching funds — but a matching commitment seems to 

 me highly desirable so that there is an increase in the effectiveness 

 of research by providing facilities, vessels, laboratories, graduate stu- 

 dents and researchers, and that serious intent is shown by providing 

 those things. 



Senator Pell. Thank you. 



Dr. Idyll. State universities can provide matching funds. They 

 go to the legislature and they say, "Uncle Sam is going to provide so 



