246 SEA GRAXT COLLEGES 



much, "\\niat you are required to do is provide so and so, and we will get 

 twice as much." 



The University of Miami has no v:ay of doing that, but our com- 

 mitment is deep in oceanography as you are well aware. We would 

 have no reason for quarreling with the idea of matching commit- 

 ments, and this we can provide. 



Xext, I think that the money must be provided in a way that sup- 

 ports institutional grants/programs. The money ought not to be 

 provided for individual projects. An institution must show by an 

 application to the administering agency that it has, first, the interest; 

 second, the capability ; and third, a program that makes sense in terms 

 of this sea grant college concept. The universities and institvitions 

 who get the support for this ought to be able to show all three of these. 

 A program should be developed so that whoever engages in it shows 

 that they have the understanding of the program and are willing to 

 do research which will in fact interpret the basic oceanography into 

 applications in the way of producing food, minerals, and energy, and 

 will solve some of the vexing legal, social, and political problems 

 that face us in the exploitation of the ocean. "We are long past the 

 time when we can limit ourselves only to a description of the ocean 

 in biological and physical terms. We are now confronted with legal, 

 social and economic problems that are vexing indeed, and this country 

 is in danger of losing many things of value because the other nations 

 have realized this, and we have not. Institutions that are supported 

 in this program must be those that understand the wide-ranging prob- 

 lem that faces us and can produce programs that make sense and show 

 the capability of solving them. Therefore, support must be for broad 

 programs on the institutional basis. The ideas must come from the 

 institution, the administering agency must have control over what 

 type of program, but it must leave it to the institution itself as to how 

 it carries this out. 



Senator Pell. Thank you. 



Dr. Idyll. In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, Avliether or not your bill 

 goes through, this sort of thing is going to be done. It must be done; 

 it is a basic necessity for the country. 



In fact, as you are perfectly well aware, it is being done at the insti- 

 tution in our own State, at our institution, and at others. 



If I may be permitted, let me briefly summarize our activities. The 

 University of Miami has been committed to oceanic research since 1943 

 when the Institute of Marine Science (called the Marine Laboratory 

 at that time) was established. It was understood that the ocean was an 

 area which required research and which had been neglected. 



Since 1943 we have grown to a size where our physical plant is 

 worth several million dollars, where we have two major oceanographic 

 vessels and a score of small vessels, where we have between 175 and 200 

 professional oceanographers on our staff, where we have 109 graduate 

 students at present count, where we have several millions of dollars of 

 on-going oceanographic research. 



The weakness in our proerram is that we have great difficulty in 

 funding applied research. The reason we have is that the philosophy 

 of the Federal Government has been opposed to this. One of the 

 earlier speaker said that a reason for this is that the United States does 

 not need the materials that come from tlie ocean. 



