SEA GRANT COLLEGES 247 



At the present time, this is true to a large extent, but it is not going 

 to be true in the future and unless we realize that some day we are going 

 to need what the sea provides, and start iindino^ out how to o:et it, we are 

 m trouble. 



At the University of Miami, we are committed to other aspects of 

 ocean exploitation in addition to the physical and biological aspects. 

 "We have a law school where one of our faculty members is deeply inter- 

 ested in marine law. We have a strong and active ocean engineering 

 program. It is the first ocean engineering training offering master's 

 and Ph. D. degrees. 



At Miami we understand that the ocean has to be aj:»proached from 

 a multiple point of view. ^Vliether your bill passes or not, we are going 

 to do the things it urges. The advantage of your bill is that it requires 

 the Federal Government to recognize the necessity of doing them and 

 it makes it possible to accelerate this work. 



I am very much in favor of your bill and I congratulate you on your 

 foresight in presenting it. 



Thank you. 



Senator Pell. Thank you very much indeed. I think you have 

 covered in your oral testimony your viewpoints on the different ques- 

 tions that are being exposed for ascertaining the views of our witnesses. 

 I thank you very much coming here. 



(The prepared statement of Dr. Idyll follows :) 



Prepared Statement of Clarence P. Idyll, Professor of Marine Biology, 

 Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami 



I am Clarence P. Idyll, professor of marine biology, Institute of Marine Science, 

 University of Miami. I have been engaged in marine science, with specialization 

 in fishery science for approximately the last 30 years. During the last IS years 

 I have been engaged in conducting research in marine fishereis and in the training 

 of marine fishery scientists at the University of Miami. 



I wholeheartedly supi>ort S. 2439, the National Sea Grant College and Program 

 Act of 196.5. This bill is extremely timely, and its enactment would fill a void 

 which exists in the scientific program of the LTnited States, one which must be 

 filled if our Nation is to make full use of the enormous potential which exists in 

 the materials and energy which can be derived from the sea, and if it is to escape 

 the military consequences of imperfect knowledge of the processes of the ocean. 



The time has come for something new in oceanography, and the implementation 

 of S. 2439 would be an excellent start in achieving this new api>roach. The new 

 concept is that we must begin to apply the excellent oceanographic research that 

 has been done in the past. There now exists a dangerous gap between pure 

 science in the United States and the application of this for the good of society. 



Scientific advances and their eventual application for the benefit of mankind 

 all follow much the same pattern. (1) The sequence starts with the curiosity of 

 some scientist about a particular natural phenomenon. This phenomenon may 

 involve the growth of plants, the number of animals in a particular population, 

 the structure of rocks in the mountain range or any of a million other matters. 

 (2) Whatever it is, the next step is a description of the phenomenon. A genera- 

 tion or two ago nearly all of natural science stopped with the description. (3) 

 Now however, the next phase is much more commonly pursued ; namely, the 

 understanding of the processes which underlie the phenomenon. Since these 

 processes are usually a combination of biological, chemical, and physical changes, 

 science has become increasingly interdisciplinary and increasingly complex. In 

 addition, mathematics are usually required to describe the proceses which have 

 taken place. Thus, science, which once could be carried on successfully by rela- 

 tively untrained amateurs, now retiuires highly trained specialists. 



Up to now we have described what is sometimes called pure science, that is, 

 observations and investigati(»ns of natural phenomenon which are conducted for 

 no other purpose than to satisfy the curiosity of the scientist involved. No apol- 

 ogy needs to be made for this. The intellectual satisfaction of man's divine curi- 

 osity is sufficient justification for the lifetime activities of many scientists. 



