262 SEA GRANT COLLEGES 



In some senses therefore, the lakes can provide models of oceanic processes — and 

 they could certainly provide effective training grounds for the young oceanog- 

 raphers needed to man expanding programs in other regions — but the writer 

 prefers to emphasize here that the lakes merit study for their own sakes, not only 

 as sources of new knowledge but also because of their far-reaching impacts on 

 human affairs — to mention only a few : the interconnected problems of water 

 pollution and water supply ; shipping and international trade ; recreation ; de- 

 velopment and fate of fisheries ; local influences on the climate ; and the need for 

 enlightened conservation of an incomparable natural resource. 



It is a truism that better management of any natural system can only be based 

 on better knowledge of the fundamental principles at work ; and it is here that 

 universities and research institutes can play a key role. The force of this argu- 

 ment can, perhaps, be best illustrated by a single example. 



At the recent inquiry concerning the city of Chicago's re<iuest for authority 

 to divert more water from Lake Michigan, it became evident that much more 

 fundamental knowledge was needed to provide useful predictions of the motion 

 of water masses within the lake and their influence on pollution dispersal and 

 quality of water intakes. Arising from this need for fundamental knowledge, a 

 large-scale program of measurements from anchored buoys was initiated by the 

 Public Health Service, and is still in progress. Much new knowledge has 

 emerged, to the interpretation of which the writer believes that his studies of 

 internal wiaves In Lake Michigan (carried out while acting as visiting professor 

 at the University of Wisconsin, and as yet largely unpublished) have also made 

 an essential contribution. This is not the place to describe the pattern of these 

 large waves discovered at the summer boundary between warm surface water 

 and cold bottom water — a pattern new to science and associated with remarkable 

 rotating currents— but this provides a good example of the way in which a prob- 

 lem tackled for its intrinsic scientific interest can sometimes provide missing 

 links in the chain of information required for public health engineering or for 

 conservational management. 



The universities must continue to uphold the free pursuit of knowledge for its 

 own sake ; but they will also not be backward in the application of this knowl- 

 edge to human needs, and often indeed to local needs. This truism, also, is very 

 relevant to the problems posed by the Great Lakes, the scale of which is large 

 enough to call for collaboration between the midwestern universities. The 

 University of Michigan, with its Great Lakes Research Division, has long been 

 active in this research field. As a more recent entrant, the University of Wis- 

 consin, and in particular the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, has declared 

 its hopes and intentions by the establishment at Milwaukee of a Center for 

 Great Lakes Studies, to initiate postgraduate and interfaculty studies which 

 will exploit a promising position near the major port. No doubt the University 

 of Wisconsin has already, through its proper officers, declared itself in favor 

 of the passage of the National Sea Grant College and Program Act ; it remains 

 for the undersigned to add his support as director-designate of the Center for 

 Great Lakes Studies at Milwaukee. 



( Signed) C. H. Mortimer, Ph. D., D. Sc, F.R.S.E., F.R.S. 



College of New Rochelle, 

 New Rochelle,N.Y., April 29, 1966. 

 Hon. Claiborne Pell, 

 Senate Office Building, 

 Washington, B.C. 



Bear Senator Pell: As president of the College of New Rochelle it is my 

 pleasure and dutv to write to you concerning the National Sea Grant College 

 and Program Act of 1965 ( S. 2439) . 



The College of New Rochelle has recently obtained a l-acre island located in 

 Long Island Sound adjacent to the campus. A two-story block house type 

 structure is located on the island and will be used as a laboratory to extend our 

 growing program in marine biology for undergraduate students. 



When the college learned of the possibilities available to us under the bill I 

 was first inclined to request an opportunity to testify before your committee. I 

 am, however, aware of the many demands placed upon the committee's .schedule 

 and have decided against such a request. 



Senator Pell, please be assured of the enthusiasm of the College of New Rochelle 

 for your program. The college is very much in sympathy with a program that 

 will' aid in the development of knowledge of the water that surrounds us and 

 of those individuals who will explore and study that area. 



