274 SEA GRAXT COLLEGES 



B. Human activities such as pollution, excessive exploitation, and destruction 

 of productive areas by activities unrelated to exploitation may endanger the con- 

 tinued well-being of these resources, possibly even without our being sufficiently 

 informed to know what is happening. 



C. Unplanned and uncontrolled exploitation of marine resources will result in 

 ineffective exploitation, including damage to or loss of the resources. 



D. The United States will become increasingly dependent on outside sources of 

 supply for marine products which are potentially available to us off our own 

 shores. 



E. Failure to develop economically feasible methods of exploiting fishery re- 

 sources off our own coasts will cause the United States to import fishery products 

 for which less fortunate nations may have a critical need. 



F. Incomplete and faulty information on fishery resources off our coasts will 

 leave us in an imtenable position in discussions with foreign powers exploiting 

 fishery resources off our shores. 



3. WHAT THE BILL MUST PROVIDE 



Adequate financial support to initiate and develop basic and applied research 

 programs and training programs in the marine sciences, and initiation and de- 

 velopment of programs of education to make the results of research available to 

 those engaged in harvesting these marine resources. 



4. EXAMPLES OF BESEIARCH WHICH SHOULD BE SUPPOETED BY THE BILL 



Preparation for rational exploitation of the natural resources of the sea must 

 be based on a sound understanding of the resources. Basic to management pro- 

 grams is knowledge in the following areas : 



A. Inventory : 



(1) Survey. — What is there? 



(2) Distribution. — Where are these marine resources in both time and 

 space? 



(3) Stcmding crop. — What is the magnitude of the resource? 



(4) Rate of renewal. — How heavily can the resource be exploited through 

 aquaculture? 



B. Requirements for Management : 



(1) Determination of conditions necessary for optimal production and 

 yield. 



(2) Manipulation of resources to obtain optimal yield. 



(3) Experimentation with artificial measures for augmenting the natural 

 production through aquaculture. 



(4) Evaluation of the effects of human activities on the well-being of the 

 resource. 



6. KESULTS TO BE EXPECTED FROM THE NATIONAL SEA GRANT COLLEGE AND PROGRAM 



ACT OF 1965 



A. Development of adequate information for judging the total potential of 

 marine resources. The scientific community can, at present, provide only a very 

 imperfect inventory of the kinds and numbers of organisms (plants and animals) 

 to be found in marine waters and of their distribution. 



B. Provision of information concerning the natural interrelationships of 

 organisms composing the marine communities. 



C. Establishment of requirements for the protection of the resources located 

 in the intertidal and upper sublittoral areas surrounding oceanic basins that are 

 most vulnerable to damage by human activities by improper exploitation because 

 of their accessibility. These areas also are biologically the most productive of 

 all marine environments. 



D. Translating the basic information into a program of training operations for 

 the business of harvesting the resources in a responsible fashion. 



6. WHAT ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ABE BEST SUITED TO DEVELOP A COMPLETE PROGRAM 7 



A. Land-grant colleges and universities have a framework in their schools of 

 agriculture, engineering, science, and in their extension services for initiating 

 and developing basic research programs, applied research programs relating to 

 management and harvesting practices, and programs of scientific training and 

 public education. 



