MARINE SCIENCE | 
them practice dancing; you can’t have them learn how to do research 
without practicing research. And this is where the research grants 
come in. 
In my capacity as head of the fisheries division at the University 
of Miami I spend far too much of my time attempting to renew short- 
term research grants. It is a very great necessity, if oceanography 
is to advance at the rate that we believe it should, that we have long- 
term grants and not year-to-year grants. The trend is this way, and 
the trend must continue if we are to do what we aim here to do, 
what the committee is attempting to do, what the bill is attempting 
to do, and what most oceanographers attempted to do. 
If { can pursue this, if I may leave the training of students for a 
moment and talk about research grants and talk now in my capacity 
as head of the research division. 
The great problem in fisheries research, I was trained in your State, 
sir, in the University of Washington; I am now in another State. 
The CHarrmMan. Weare sorry to lose you to Florida. 
Senator SmatHers. Every man is entitled to go up in life. 
[ Laughter. ] 
Dr. Ipytu. New work in other States—— 
The CHamman. Let me interrupt there, not being facetious about 
it. This is an example of what we mean, when you are training 
people down there, we have to use them all over. 
Dr. Ipytu. Oh, yes. 
The Cuarrman. This field is very limited now. 
Dr. Ipyzu. We have our graduates in many parts of the country 
now and we don’t aim to keep the boys that we put out, or the girls. 
In the matter of research grants, we have had some trouble in 
fisheries research because the responsibility for fisheries research does 
not belong in anything but apparently the Bureau of Commercial 
Fisheries, because a specific small part of oceanographic research is 
not the responsibility of the National Science Foundation, I believe. 
Special parts of the research have never been their responsibility, 
and we have found it very difficult to get support for fisheries re- 
search because the State of Florida has a certain limited capacity to 
support this research. The National Science Foundation considers 
it outside their scope, and I think properly so. It certainly doesn’t 
belong in the Navy. It belongs in the Bureau of Commercial 
Fisheries. 
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries does not have the resources, 
and I am not certain whether it has the power, to give long-term 
grants as opposed to contracts. We feel that your bill provides for 
this, but we would like to see a somewhat stronger statement in this 
connection in the fact that more specifically the Bureau of Com- 
mercial Fisheries is given the power and authority to set up a grant- 
ing branch. We would like to suggest, sir, that the only part of the 
bill that seems to us to require modification is this: that the Bureau 
of Commercial Fisheries be authorized to set up a granting agency 
to give long-term grants as opposed to contracts so that organizations 
like ours will have long-term grants where we can apply ourselves 
to problems that need solution in the fisheries, and at the same time 
train graduate students because we believe that these are absolutely 
inextricably combined. 
